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. 2025 Oct;33(5):1358-1365.
doi: 10.19746/j.cnki.issn.1009-2137.2025.05.018.

[Characteristics and Risk Analysis of COVID-19 Infection in Patients with Multiple Myeloma after Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation]

[Article in Chinese]
Meng-Meng Pan  1 , Shi-Wei Jin  1 , Wan-Yan Ouyang  1 , Yan Wan  1 , Yi Tao  1 , Yuan-Fang Liu  1 , Wei-Ping Zhang  1 , Jian-Qing Mi  1
Affiliations

[Characteristics and Risk Analysis of COVID-19 Infection in Patients with Multiple Myeloma after Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation]

[Article in Chinese]
Meng-Meng Pan et al. Zhongguo Shi Yan Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi. 2025 Oct.

Abstract
in English, Chinese

Objective: To retrospectively analyze the characteristics and influencing factors of COVID-19 infection in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) who underwent autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT).

Methods: The clinical data of MM patients who underwent AHSCT in Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from May 26, 2021 to December 26, 2022 were collected. The onset of COVID-19 infection, corresponding symptoms and laboratory tests were followed up in outpatient or by the means of telephone contact and online questionnaires. Related analysis was then performed.

Results: This study included 96 patients, and 72 cases among them were infected with COVID-19 while 24 cases were uninfected. Logistic regression analysis showed that vaccination did not significantly reduce the risk of COVID-19 infection, but patients who received two doses of the vaccine had a lower risk of developing moderate and severe disease than those who did not receive or received one dose (OR =0.06, P =0.029). Patients who received daratumumab before had a higher risk of COVID-19 infection (OR =5.78, P =0.039), while those with a history of immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs) had the opposite effect (OR =0.31, P =0.028). The use of both drugs did not affect the severity of COVID-19 infection.

Conclusion: For MM patients undergoing AHSCT as first-line chemotherapy, COVID-19 vaccination does not significantly reduce the infection rate, but it plays a role in preventing moderate and severe cases. The application of antineoplastic drugs with different mechanisms has a certain impact on the susceptibility to the COVID-19, which should be considered comprehensively when creating treatment plans.

题目: 多发性骨髓瘤患者自体移植后感染新冠的特点及风险分析.

目的: 回顾性分析多发性骨髓瘤（MM）患者行自体造血干细胞移植（AHSCT）后感染新型冠状病毒COVID-19（新冠）的特点及影响因素。.

方法: .收集2021年5月26日至2022年12月26日期间在上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院完成AHSCT的MM患者的临床资料，并通过门诊、电话或线上问卷的方式随访其感染新冠的时间、症状及相应检查结果，并进行相关分析。.

结果: 共纳入患者96例，其中72例感染新冠，24例未感染。Logistic回归分析结果显示，疫苗接种并未显著降低新冠感染的风险，但接种2剂疫苗较不接种或接种1剂的患者发展为中型和重型的风险更低（OR =0.06，P =0.029）。有达雷妥尤单抗应用史的患者感染新冠的风险更高（OR =5.78，P =0.039），而有免疫调节剂应用史的患者感染新冠的风险降低（OR =0.31，P =0.028）。这两类药物的应用并不影响新冠感染后的严重程度。.

结论: 对于一线行AHSCT的MM患者，新冠疫苗接种并未显著降低这些患者新冠感染率，但可以发挥防止发生中症及重症的作用。不同机制抗肿瘤药物的应用对新冠易感性有一定影响，在制定治疗方案时需综合考虑。.

Keywords: COVID-19; vaccine; multiple myeloma; autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

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