Advanced practice nursing in the European Union: A scoping review

Abstract

Background: Advanced nursing practice is expanding across the European Union. Although the International Council of Nurses provides a unified definition, implementation varies widely among member states.

Purpose: To assess advanced practice in the EU and identify similarities and differences in regulation and practice.

Methods: This scoping review followed Joanna Briggs Institute and PRISMA guidelines.

Findings: Of 2,205 studies screened, 184 met eligibility criteria. Advanced nursing practice shows consistent patterns in education, competencies, and practice models but remains fragmented in title recognition, regulation, and specialty development. In some countries, formal structures are still absent.

Discussion: The European Union faces shared public health challenges, particularly long-term care needs. Advanced nursing practice has proven effective in several countries, and European-level recognition could foster broader integration. This review highlights commonalities and national variations, offering comparative insights to guide international policies that strengthen the legitimacy and visibility of advanced practice nurses.

Keywords: Advanced practice nursing; European Union; Scoping review; Skills.