Aesthetic Medicine in Oncology: A Systematic Review of Botulinum Toxin, Dermal Fillers, Chemical Peels, and Laser Therapies in Cancer Patient

Abstract

Background: Advancements in oncology have significantly improved survival rates, shifting the focus toward enhancing the quality of life (QoL) of cancer survivors. Aesthetic medicine, encompassing procedures such as botulinum toxin injections, dermal fillers, chemical peels, and laser therapy, offers potential benefits in addressing the physical and psychological sequelae of cancer and its treatments.

Objective: To systematically review the literature on the indications, contraindications, pharmacological interactions, and psychological impacts of aesthetic treatments in cancer patients.

Methods: A comprehensive search of PubMed was conducted for studies published between January 2018 and June 2025. Inclusion criteria encompassed clinical trials, observational studies, and reviews focusing on the use of botulinum toxin, hyaluronic acid and calcium hydroxylapatite fillers, chemical peels, and laser therapy in oncology patients. Data on pharmacological interactions and psychological outcomes were also extracted.

Results: Forty-two studies met the inclusion criteria. Botulinum toxin was found to be effective in managing post-treatment deformities and improving QoL in breast cancer patients. Hyaluronic acid and calcium hydroxylapatite fillers were effective in correcting post-surgical scars, with minimal adverse effects. Chemical peels demonstrated efficacy in treating actinic keratoses and precancerous lesions. Laser therapy showed promise in reducing radiation-induced dermatitis and improving skin appearance. However, certain chemotherapeutic agents posed contraindications due to potential interactions and compromised healing. Psychological benefits included improved self-esteem and body image, contributing to better overall QoL.

Conclusion: Aesthetic treatments can be safely and effectively integrated into the care of cancer patients, with careful consideration of individual treatment regimens and potential contraindications. Further research is warranted to establish standardized guidelines.

Level of evidence ii: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Keywords: Aesthetic medicine; Cosmetic medicine; Oncology; Review.