DISRUPTION OF EPIDEMIC PATTERNS IN COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS POST-COVID-19 IN FRANCE: A 5-YEAR ANALYSIS USING THE FRENCH PEDIATRIC AND AMBULATORY RESEARCH OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES NETWORK

Robert Cohen^{1

2

3

4

5}, Naim Ouldali^{1

2

3

4

6

7}, Stéphane Béchet^{1

2

3

4

5}, Nathalie Gelbert^{1

2

3

4}, François Vie Le Sage^{1

2

3

4}, Andreas Werner^{1

2

3

4}, Corinne Levy^{1

2

3

4

5}

Collaborators, Affiliations

Collaborators

M Achkar, M-H Akou'Ou, C Ambacher Bensoussan, J-M Andre, -S Ansoborlo, C Antoine-Milhomme, A Auvrignon, P Bakhache, S Barrois, R Bastero, C Batard, S Bazouzi, F Beaufils-Philippe, B Beaussac, A Beguin, K Bellemin, S Bellulo, M Benani, J Berquier, B Blanc, J-P Blanc, A Blasquez, J Bled, P Bonniaud-Blot, C Bordes, S Boulanger, S Brancato, O Bresson, D Brigot, A Burtscher, F Cahn-Sellem, E Cambier Nappo, J Chaix, C Chartier Albrech, H Chatue Kamga, A Cheve, A-C Chollet, F Cocatrix, R Cohen, R Condor, C Coudy, H Courtot, G D Acremont, N D'Ovidio, V Dagrenat, A Dauriac, B De Brito, P Deberdt, I Defives, P Degand, N Delavie, C Delaygue, J-F Delobbe, S Delvaux, R Desandes, V Desvignes, M Deville, C Devulder, B Dubreuil, S Duchene, A Duhamel, F Dulorme, B Dumortier, B Durantel, A Elbez, C Fayech, C Frachette, L Galula, A Garraffo, F Gebhard, N Gelbert, P Geneste, M Genix, A Givois, F Goehringer, S Gorde-Grosjean, S Goulamhoussen, P Grue, É Gruniaux Wild, C Guiheneuf, F Hassid, C Hautefeuille, S Hennequin, N Houeto, D Hourlier, S Hubinois, É Issert, D Jayet, M-G Joseph, E Jouck, C Jouty, F Kampf Maupu, C Kerdudo-Veau, L Kherbaoui, F Kochert, M Koskas, S Laborde, A-L Lambert, M Lambert, S Langlais, I Le Gac, F Le Mouel, F Lecaillier, B Lecorche, C Legras, C Lemaitre, D Lemaitre, D Lemarie, S Leyronnas, J-F Lienhardt, C Loe-Loumou, M Louvel, P Lubelski, J Magagi, N Mamoudjy, D Manent Sellier, A Manet, I Marian, C Marret, K Marszal, M Masse, C Masserot, C Mawas, A Mercier, A Mercier, M-O Mercier-Oger, A-S Michot-Cottias, D Milliard, M Mindreau, D Minette, S Moore Wipf, B Nemesin, B Nold, N Nzunga, S Pailhous, C Pallard-Duhaut, F Paratte, A-C Perier, C Petit, H Pflieger, K Picard, I Piegay Broglia, O Pinard, B Pincant, C Plouhinec, I Pressac, I Pruvost Dussart, S Ravilly, G Roques, P Roudil, P Roussel, E Roy, J-F Salaun, C Salinier, S Salomez, M-I Sangenis, C Sarreau, I Sartelet, E Savajols, C Schlemmer, A Sellam, L Seris, E Seror, D Somerville, M-P Streicher, G Thiebault, F Thollot, L Tizi Oualou, V Touet, F Tourneur, N Traimond, S Treppoz, O Truffinet, B Vagnon, C Vasse, E Vaucan Gitto, C Vergnes, S Vernoux, F Vie Le Sage, J-C Vigreux, B Virey, A Werner, A Wollner, E Yako, S Zillmer, M Zouari, R Zrek-Mansour, I Ramay, M Servera, M Flores, I Destel, A Prieur, J Chalte

Affiliations

¹ From the ACTIV, Association Clinique et Thérapeutique Infantile du Val-de-Marne, Créteil, France.
² AFPA, Association Française de Pédiatrie Ambulatoire, Villeneuve les Avignons, France.
³ GPIP, Groupe de Pathologie Infectieuse Pédiatrique, Paris, France.
⁴ Université Paris Est, IMRB-GRC GEMINI, Créteil, France.
⁵ Clinical Research Center (CRC), Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil, Créteil, France.
⁶ Department of General Pediatrics, Pediatric Infectious Disease and Internal Medicine, Robert Debré University Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.
⁷ Infection, Antimicrobials, Modelling, Evolution (IAME), Inserm UMR 1137, Paris Cité University, Paris, France.

PMID: 41251685
DOI: 10.1097/INF.0000000000005033

DISRUPTION OF EPIDEMIC PATTERNS IN COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS POST-COVID-19 IN FRANCE: A 5-YEAR ANALYSIS USING THE FRENCH PEDIATRIC AND AMBULATORY RESEARCH OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES NETWORK

Robert Cohen et al. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2025.

. 2025 Nov 3.

doi: 10.1097/INF.0000000000005033. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Collaborators

M Achkar, M-H Akou'Ou, C Ambacher Bensoussan, J-M Andre, -S Ansoborlo, C Antoine-Milhomme, A Auvrignon, P Bakhache, S Barrois, R Bastero, C Batard, S Bazouzi, F Beaufils-Philippe, B Beaussac, A Beguin, K Bellemin, S Bellulo, M Benani, J Berquier, B Blanc, J-P Blanc, A Blasquez, J Bled, P Bonniaud-Blot, C Bordes, S Boulanger, S Brancato, O Bresson, D Brigot, A Burtscher, F Cahn-Sellem, E Cambier Nappo, J Chaix, C Chartier Albrech, H Chatue Kamga, A Cheve, A-C Chollet, F Cocatrix, R Cohen, R Condor, C Coudy, H Courtot, G D Acremont, N D'Ovidio, V Dagrenat, A Dauriac, B De Brito, P Deberdt, I Defives, P Degand, N Delavie, C Delaygue, J-F Delobbe, S Delvaux, R Desandes, V Desvignes, M Deville, C Devulder, B Dubreuil, S Duchene, A Duhamel, F Dulorme, B Dumortier, B Durantel, A Elbez, C Fayech, C Frachette, L Galula, A Garraffo, F Gebhard, N Gelbert, P Geneste, M Genix, A Givois, F Goehringer, S Gorde-Grosjean, S Goulamhoussen, P Grue, É Gruniaux Wild, C Guiheneuf, F Hassid, C Hautefeuille, S Hennequin, N Houeto, D Hourlier, S Hubinois, É Issert, D Jayet, M-G Joseph, E Jouck, C Jouty, F Kampf Maupu, C Kerdudo-Veau, L Kherbaoui, F Kochert, M Koskas, S Laborde, A-L Lambert, M Lambert, S Langlais, I Le Gac, F Le Mouel, F Lecaillier, B Lecorche, C Legras, C Lemaitre, D Lemaitre, D Lemarie, S Leyronnas, J-F Lienhardt, C Loe-Loumou, M Louvel, P Lubelski, J Magagi, N Mamoudjy, D Manent Sellier, A Manet, I Marian, C Marret, K Marszal, M Masse, C Masserot, C Mawas, A Mercier, A Mercier, M-O Mercier-Oger, A-S Michot-Cottias, D Milliard, M Mindreau, D Minette, S Moore Wipf, B Nemesin, B Nold, N Nzunga, S Pailhous, C Pallard-Duhaut, F Paratte, A-C Perier, C Petit, H Pflieger, K Picard, I Piegay Broglia, O Pinard, B Pincant, C Plouhinec, I Pressac, I Pruvost Dussart, S Ravilly, G Roques, P Roudil, P Roussel, E Roy, J-F Salaun, C Salinier, S Salomez, M-I Sangenis, C Sarreau, I Sartelet, E Savajols, C Schlemmer, A Sellam, L Seris, E Seror, D Somerville, M-P Streicher, G Thiebault, F Thollot, L Tizi Oualou, V Touet, F Tourneur, N Traimond, S Treppoz, O Truffinet, B Vagnon, C Vasse, E Vaucan Gitto, C Vergnes, S Vernoux, F Vie Le Sage, J-C Vigreux, B Virey, A Werner, A Wollner, E Yako, S Zillmer, M Zouari, R Zrek-Mansour, I Ramay, M Servera, M Flores, I Destel, A Prieur, J Chalte

Affiliations

¹ From the ACTIV, Association Clinique et Thérapeutique Infantile du Val-de-Marne, Créteil, France.
² AFPA, Association Française de Pédiatrie Ambulatoire, Villeneuve les Avignons, France.
³ GPIP, Groupe de Pathologie Infectieuse Pédiatrique, Paris, France.
⁴ Université Paris Est, IMRB-GRC GEMINI, Créteil, France.
⁵ Clinical Research Center (CRC), Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil, Créteil, France.
⁶ Department of General Pediatrics, Pediatric Infectious Disease and Internal Medicine, Robert Debré University Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.
⁷ Infection, Antimicrobials, Modelling, Evolution (IAME), Inserm UMR 1137, Paris Cité University, Paris, France.

PMID: 41251685
DOI: 10.1097/INF.0000000000005033

Abstract

After the lifting of the nonpharmaceutical interventions introduced during the COVID-19 pandemic. Enterovirus reappeared 16 months after COVID-19 onset; bronchiolitis, 33 months; group A Streptococcus infections, 36 months; pneumonia, 45 months and pertussis, 51 months. These differences across pathogens shed light on differences in herd immunity durability and pathogen-specific vulnerability.

Keywords: COVID-19; children; community-acquired respiratory infections; immunity debt.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

C.L. reports personal fees and nonfinancial support from Pfizer and personal fees from MSD outside the submitted work. R.C. reports personal fees and nonfinancial support from Pfizer and personal fees from GSK, Merck, Pfizer and Sanofi outside the submitted work. N.O. reports travel grants from Pfizer, Sanofi and GSK, outside the submitted work. F.V.L.S. reported personal fees from MSD Vaccins and GSK outside the submitted work. N.G. received nonfinancial support from Pfizer outside the submitted work. A.W. reported personal fees from MSD Vaccins, Sanofi Aventis, ALK-Abello, GSK, Pierre Fabre, Shire, Novartis and Pfizer outside the submitted work. Other authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose.

References

1. Agha R, Avner JR. Delayed seasonal RSV surge observed during the COVID-19 pandemic. Pediatrics. 2021;148:e2021052089.
1. Baker RE, Park SW, Yang W, et al. The impact of COVID-19 nonpharmaceutical interventions on the future dynamics of endemic infections. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2020;117:30547–30553.
1. Cohen R, Pettoello-Mantovani M, Somekh E, et al. European pediatric societies call for an implementation of regular vaccination programs to contrast the immunity debt associated to coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic in children. J Pediatr. 2022;242:260–261.e3.
1. Cohen PR, Rybak A, Werner A, et al. Trends in pediatric ambulatory community acquired infections before and during COVID-19 pandemic: a prospective multicentric surveillance study in France. Lancet Reg Health Eur. 2022;22:100497.
1. Cohen R, Bechet S, Gelbert N, et al. New approach to the surveillance of pediatric infectious diseases from ambulatory pediatricians in the digital era. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2021;40:674–680.

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DISRUPTION OF EPIDEMIC PATTERNS IN COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS POST-COVID-19 IN FRANCE: A 5-YEAR ANALYSIS USING THE FRENCH PEDIATRIC AND AMBULATORY RESEARCH OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES NETWORK

Collaborators

Affiliations

DISRUPTION OF EPIDEMIC PATTERNS IN COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS POST-COVID-19 IN FRANCE: A 5-YEAR ANALYSIS USING THE FRENCH PEDIATRIC AND AMBULATORY RESEARCH OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES NETWORK

Authors

Collaborators

Affiliations

Abstract

Conflict of interest statement

References

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