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. 2025 Nov 20;20(11):e0337083.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0337083. eCollection 2025.

Outcome of infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia

Dwi Kisworo Setyowireni  1 , Roni Naning  1 , Rina Triasih  1 , Indah Kartika Murni  1   2 , Madarina Julia  1 , Ekawaty Luthfia Haksari  1
Affiliations

Outcome of infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia

Dwi Kisworo Setyowireni et al. PLoS One. .

Abstract

Background: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BDP) is the most common chronic lung disease in infants. The study aimed to evaluate the outcome of infants diagnosed with BPD in Yogyakarta, Indonesia.

Material and methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted by reviewing the medical records of infants with BPD born between January 2015 and December 2020 at Dr. Sardjito General Hospital in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Surviving children were invited for clinical assessment and echocardiogram. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify predictors of mortality.

Results: Among 8,490 newborns hospitalized in the Perinatal ward, 100 (1.2%) developed BPD, with neonatal sepsis and congenital heart disease as the most prevalent comorbidities. Of the 85 infants with complete data, 41 (48.2%) died within 7 months. Multivariate analysis revealed that post-menstrual age (PMA) < 28 weeks and mechanical ventilation as independent predictors of mortality, with adjusted odds ratios (ORs) (95% CI) of 5.27 (1.36-20.43) and 0.26 (0.09-0.75), respectively.

Conclusions: Nearly half of the infants diagnosed with BPD died within the first seven months of life. PMA < 28 weeks was associated with increased mortality risk, while mechanical ventilation showed a protective effect against mortality in infants with BPD.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Fig 1
Fig 1. Patient selection algorithm.
Fig 2
Fig 2. Kaplan-Meier curves showing survival rate by severity of BPD infant.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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