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. 2025 Nov 21:1-6.
doi: 10.1080/14786419.2025.2588797. Online ahead of print.

Limonoids and protolimonoid from Swietenia macrophylla

Yun-Peng Sun  1 , Wen-Fang Jin  1 , Ze-Rong Xu  1 , Ying-Wei Liu  2 , Li-Juan Sun  2 , Yang Yu  1 , Jin-Song Liu  1 , Guo-Kai Wang  1
Affiliations

Limonoids and protolimonoid from Swietenia macrophylla

Yun-Peng Sun et al. Nat Prod Res. .

Abstract

Two new limonoids, swieteliacates V and W (1 and 2), and a new protolimonoid, 21α-ethoxyprotoxylocarpin E (3), together with six known limonoids (4-9), were isolated from the leaves of Swietenia macrophylla. Their structures, including absolute configurations, were determined through spectroscopic analysis (HR-ESI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR), and ECD calculations. Compounds 2, 6, and 9 were found to inhibit hepatic glucose production in MPH cells induced by forskolin (FSK) and dexamethasone (Dex), while compounds 5 and 6 promoted lipid accumulation induced by free fatty acids.

Keywords: Limonoids; glycolipid metabolism; protolimonoid; swietenia macrophylla.

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