TFOS DEWS III

Lyndon Jones¹, Jennifer P Craig², Maria Markoulli³, Paul Karpecki⁴, Esen K Akpek⁵, Sayan Basu⁶, Etty Bitton⁷, Wei Chen⁸, Deepinder K Dhaliwal⁹, Murat Dogru¹⁰, José Alvaro P Gomes¹¹, Miranda Koehler¹², Jodhbir S Mehta¹³, Victor L Perez¹⁴, Fiona Stapleton¹⁵, David A Sullivan¹⁶, Joseph Tauber¹⁷, Louis Tong¹⁸, Sònia Travé-Huarte¹⁹, James S Wolffsohn²⁰

Affiliations

¹ Centre for Ocular Research & Education (CORE), School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada. Electronic address: lwjones@uwaterloo.ca.
² Department of Ophthalmology, Aotearoa New Zealand National Eye Centre, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. Electronic address: jp.craig@auckland.ac.nz.
³ School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia. Electronic address: m.markoulli@unsw.edu.au.
⁴ Kentucky Eye Institute, University of Pikeville School of Optometry, Lexington, KY, USA. Electronic address: karpecki@karpecki.com.
⁵ The Foster Center for Ocular Immunology, Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA. Electronic address: esakpek@jhmi.edu.
⁶ Shantilal Shanghvi Cornea Institute, Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India. Electronic address: sayanbasu@lvpei.org.
⁷ School of Optometry, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada. Electronic address: etty.bitton@umontreal.ca.
⁸ Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, National Eye Clinic Research Center, Peoples Republic of China. Electronic address: chenwei@mail.eye.ac.cn.
⁹ Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, UPMC Vision Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. Electronic address: dhaliwaldk@upmc.edu.
¹⁰ Dept of Ophthalmology Ichikawa, Chiba, Japan. Electronic address: muratodooru2005@yahoo.co.jp.
¹¹ Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Federal University of Sao Paulo/Paulista School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: japgomes13@gmail.com.
¹² Kentucky Eye Institute, University of Pikeville School of Optometry, Lexington, KY, USA. Electronic address: mirandakoehlerod@gmail.com.
¹³ Corneal and External Eye Disease, Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore. Electronic address: jodmehta@gmail.com.
¹⁴ Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA. Electronic address: vperez4@med.miami.edu.
¹⁵ School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia. Electronic address: f.stapleton@unsw.edu.au.
¹⁶ Tear Film & Ocular Surface Society, Boston, MA, USA. Electronic address: david@tearfilm.org.
¹⁷ Tauber Eye Centre, Kansas City, MO, USA. Electronic address: jt@taubereye.com.
¹⁸ Corneal and External Eye Disease, Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore; Ocular Surface Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore. Electronic address: Louis.tong.h.t@singhealth.com.sg.
¹⁹ Optometry and Vision Science, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK. Electronic address: s.trave-huarte@aston.ac.uk.
²⁰ Optometry and Vision Science, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK. Electronic address: J.S.W.Wolffsohn@aston.ac.uk.

PMID: 41276204
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2025.11.024

Review

TFOS DEWS III

Lyndon Jones et al. Am J Ophthalmol. 2025.

. 2025 Nov 21:S0002-9394(25)00623-3.

doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2025.11.024. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Centre for Ocular Research & Education (CORE), School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada. Electronic address: lwjones@uwaterloo.ca.
² Department of Ophthalmology, Aotearoa New Zealand National Eye Centre, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. Electronic address: jp.craig@auckland.ac.nz.
³ School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia. Electronic address: m.markoulli@unsw.edu.au.
⁴ Kentucky Eye Institute, University of Pikeville School of Optometry, Lexington, KY, USA. Electronic address: karpecki@karpecki.com.
⁵ The Foster Center for Ocular Immunology, Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA. Electronic address: esakpek@jhmi.edu.
⁶ Shantilal Shanghvi Cornea Institute, Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India. Electronic address: sayanbasu@lvpei.org.
⁷ School of Optometry, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada. Electronic address: etty.bitton@umontreal.ca.
⁸ Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, National Eye Clinic Research Center, Peoples Republic of China. Electronic address: chenwei@mail.eye.ac.cn.
⁹ Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, UPMC Vision Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. Electronic address: dhaliwaldk@upmc.edu.
¹⁰ Dept of Ophthalmology Ichikawa, Chiba, Japan. Electronic address: muratodooru2005@yahoo.co.jp.
¹¹ Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Federal University of Sao Paulo/Paulista School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: japgomes13@gmail.com.
¹² Kentucky Eye Institute, University of Pikeville School of Optometry, Lexington, KY, USA. Electronic address: mirandakoehlerod@gmail.com.
¹³ Corneal and External Eye Disease, Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore. Electronic address: jodmehta@gmail.com.
¹⁴ Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA. Electronic address: vperez4@med.miami.edu.
¹⁵ School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia. Electronic address: f.stapleton@unsw.edu.au.
¹⁶ Tear Film & Ocular Surface Society, Boston, MA, USA. Electronic address: david@tearfilm.org.
¹⁷ Tauber Eye Centre, Kansas City, MO, USA. Electronic address: jt@taubereye.com.
¹⁸ Corneal and External Eye Disease, Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore; Ocular Surface Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore. Electronic address: Louis.tong.h.t@singhealth.com.sg.
¹⁹ Optometry and Vision Science, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK. Electronic address: s.trave-huarte@aston.ac.uk.
²⁰ Optometry and Vision Science, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK. Electronic address: J.S.W.Wolffsohn@aston.ac.uk.

PMID: 41276204
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2025.11.024

Abstract

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Keywords: 人工泪液,干眼病,生活方式建议,管理,治疗,药物,药理学.

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TFOS DEWS III

Affiliations

TFOS DEWS III

Authors

Affiliations

Abstract

Conflict of interest statement

Publication types

LinkOut - more resources

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