Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Observational Study
. 2026 Feb;28(2):1179-1190.
doi: 10.1111/dom.70302. Epub 2025 Nov 24.

A nationwide 12-month observatory of automated insulin delivery shows improved glucose control, sustained adoption, and reduced acute severe events

Jean-Pierre Riveline  1   2 , Jean-Baptiste Julla  1   2 , Elisabeth Bonnemaison  3 , Michael Joubert  4 , Sandrine Lablanche  5 , Agnès Sola Gazagnes  6 , Delphine Demarsy  7 , Didier Gouet  8 , Pauline Schaepelynck  9 , Chloé Amouyal  10   11 , Fabienne Dalla Vale  12 , Anne Schletzer-Mari  13 , Sylvaine Clavel  14 , Anne Spiteri  15 , Catherine Campinos  16 , Sandrine Favre  17 , Igor Tauveron  18 , Laurence Mathivon  19 , Sophie Borot  20 , Guy Fagherazzi  21 , Marc D Breton  22 , Jean-François Gautier  1   2 , Eric Renard  23   24 ; OB2F study group
Collaborators, Affiliations
Observational Study

A nationwide 12-month observatory of automated insulin delivery shows improved glucose control, sustained adoption, and reduced acute severe events

Jean-Pierre Riveline et al. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2026 Feb.

Abstract

Aims: A nationwide observational study was conducted to assess the 12-month effectiveness of AID systems in the routine care of people with Type 1 diabetes (PwT1D).

Methods: All PwT1D, adults, and children, who initiated AID between January 1, 2022, and December 31, 2022, were included across 79 centres. Clinical data, continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) parameters, acute severe events in the last year, and HbA1c levels were collected at AID initiation, and after 3, 6, and 12 months of AID treatment. Median values [interquartile range, IQR] and % PwT1D with acute severe events were reported. The primary outcome was the change in time in range (TIR; 3.9-10 mmol/L) after 1 year with AID.

Results: A total of 2741 PwT1D were included: 44.4% male, age 38 years [29], BMI 24.5 kg/m2 [6.7], diabetes duration 19 years [20]. AID systems were MiniMed 780G in 49.7%, Tandem Control-IQ in 49.3%, others in 1%. After 12 months, TIR increased from 58.0 [21] to 70.1% [14] while HbA1c levels decreased from 7.6 [1.2] to 7.0% [0.8]. Percent PwT1D experiencing severe hypoglycaemia (SH) decreased from 4.1 to 0.9%, and ketoacidosis from 1.2 to 0.6%. All improvements were observed after 3 months, sustained through 12 months, and statistically significant (p < 0.05). Only 2.8% of PwT1D discontinued AID.

Conclusions: Twelve months of AID use in routine care improved glucose control in PwT1D, among whom there was less experienced SH and a minor discontinuation.

Keywords: HbA1c; automated insulin delivery; ketoacidosis; severe hypoglycaemia; time in range; type 1 diabetes.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Jean‐Pierre Riveline is an advisory panel member for Sanofi, MSD, Eli Lilly, Novo Nordisk, Abbott, Alphadiab, Air Liquide, Insulet, Dexcom and Medtronic and has received research funding from and provided research support to Eli Lilly, Abbott, Air Liquide, Sanofi, Novo Nordisk, Insulet, Dexcom and Medtronic. Jean‐Baptiste Julla has received consulting fees from Sanofi and lecture fees from Eli Lilly, Novo Nordisk, and Sanofi. Elisabeth Bonnemaison declares consultant/speaker fees from Abbott, Air Liquide SI, Astra‐Zeneca, Dexcom Inc., Insulet Inc., Medtronic, Sanofi‐Aventis. Michael Joubert declares consultant and/or speaker fees and/or research support from Abbott, Amgen, Astrazeneca, Boehringer‐ Ingelheim, Dexcom, Glooko, Insulet, Lifescan, Lilly, Medtronic, Novonordisk, Roche Diabetes, Sanofi, Tandem, Ypsomed. Sandrine Lablanche is an advisory panel member for Sanofi, Abbott, Insulet, Dexcom, Roche and Medtronic. Agnès Sola‐Gazagnes declares consultant and/or speaker fees and/or research support from Abbott, Dexcom, Lilly, Medtronic, Novonordisk, Roche Diabetes, Sanofi. Didier Gouet declares consultant and/or speaker fees for Sanofi, Eli Lilly, Novo Nordisk, Abbott, NHC, Insulet, Dexcom and Astra Zeneca. Pauline Schaepelynck declares consultant and/or speaker fees from Abbott, Dexcom, Lilly, Medtronic, Novonordisk, Sanofi. Chloé Amouyal is an advisory panel member for Sanofi, Dexcom, Boehringer Ingelheim and received lecture fees from Eli Lilly, Abbott and Sanofi. Fabienne Dalla‐Vale declares consultant/speaker fees from Air Liquide SI, Dexcom Inc., Insulet Inc., Medtronic, Sanofi‐Aventis. Anne Spiteri declares consultant and/or speaker fees for Medtronic. Sophie Borot declares speaker fees for Dexcom, Eli‐Lilly and Insulet Inc. Guy Fagherazzi has provided advisory/speaking services for and/or has received research grants and/or speaker honoraria from Sanofi, MSD, MSDAvenir, Eli Lilly, Roche Diabetes Care, AstraZeneca, Danone Research, Diabeloop, Bristol Myers Squibb, L'Oréal R&D, Abbvie Pharmaceutical, Pfizer, and Vitalaire. Jean‐François Gautier reports lecture fees from AstraZeneca, Bayer, Bristol‐Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, Gilead, Novo Nordisk, Pfizer, and Sanofi. He received consulting fees from AstraZeneca, Pfizer and Sanofi and non‐financial support from AstraZeneca, Novo Nordisk and Sanofi. Eric Renard declares consultant/speaker fees from A. Menarini Diagnostics, Abbott, Air Liquide SI, Astra‐Zeneca, Becton‐Dickinson, Boehringer‐Ingelheim, Cellnovo, Dexcom Inc., Eli‐Lilly, Hillo, Insulet Inc., Johnson & Johnson (Animas, LifeScan), Medtronic, Medirio, Novo‐Nordisk, Roche, and Sanofi‐Aventis and research support by Abbott, Dexcom Inc., Insulet Inc., Roche, and Tandem Diabetes Care.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
One‐year evolution of %time in target range (3.9–10 mmol/l) as primary study outcome according to age categories.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Type 1 diabetes estimates in children and adults 2022, www.diabetesatlas.org
    1. DiMeglio LA, Evans‐Molina C, Oram RA. Type 1 diabetes. Lancet. 2018;16(10138):2449‐2462. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31320-5 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee . 6. Glycemic goals and hypoglycemia: standards of Care in Diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2025;48(Suppl_1):S128‐S145. doi: 10.2337/dc25-S006 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Battelino T, Danne T, Bergenstal RM, et al. Clinical targets for continuous glucose monitoring data interpretation: recommendations from the international consensus on time in range. Diabetes Care. 2019;42(8):1593‐1603. doi: 10.2337/dci19-0028 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Miller KM, Foster NC, Beck RW, et al. Current state of type 1 diabetes treatment in the U.S.: updated data from the T1D exchange clinic registry. Diabetes Care. 2015;38(6):971‐978. doi: 10.2337/dc15-0078 - DOI - PubMed

Publication types

MeSH terms