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Review
. 2025 Nov 25.
doi: 10.1186/s40560-025-00835-6. Online ahead of print.

TIGRIS and EUPHRATES eventually join and provide new evidence: a narrative review of the polymyxin B hemoperfusion

Toshiaki Iba  1 , Julie Helms  2 , Isao Nagaoka  3 , Michio Mineshima  3 , Ricard Ferrer  4
Affiliations
Free article
Review

TIGRIS and EUPHRATES eventually join and provide new evidence: a narrative review of the polymyxin B hemoperfusion

Toshiaki Iba et al. J Intensive Care. .
Free article

Abstract

Septic shock driven by endotoxemia is associated with high mortality despite advances in supportive care. Polymyxin B hemoperfusion (PMX-HP) selectively removes circulating endotoxin and has shown variable efficacy in randomized trials. While earlier studies, such as EUPHAS, suggested benefit, subsequent trials, including ABDO-MIX and EUPHRATES, yielded neutral results, partly due to heterogeneous patient selection. The recently completed TIGRIS trial addressed these limitations by enrolling septic shock patients with intermediate endotoxin activity (EAA: 0.60-0.89) and high multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS > 9) using a Bayesian design. In 151 evaluable patients, PMX-HP achieved the primary endpoint, with a 95.3% posterior probability of 28-day survival benefit (adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 0.67; absolute risk reduction [ARR] 6.4%). At 90 days, mortality reduction was greater (ARR: 17.4%; adjusted OR: 0.54; > 99% posterior probability of benefit), corresponding to a number needed to treat of 8.1. These results support the targeted use of PMX-HP in a biomarker-defined subgroup and may facilitate broader regulatory approval.

Keywords: Biomarker; Endotoxin; Extracorporeal circulation; Sepsis; Shock.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: Not applicable. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: TI participated on advisory boards of Japan Blood Products Organization, Asahi Kasei Pharmaceuticals, and Toray Medical.

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