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. 2025 Nov 26;15(1):42239.
doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-26355-9.

Evaluating the impact of air purifier intervention on particulate matter concentrations in a traditional Chinese medicine therapy room using multiple approaches

Ya-Fang Huang  1 , Cheng-Hang Lan  2 , Tser-Sheng Lin  3 , Ling Yang  4 , Jhong-Yuan Chen  1 , Chiung-Yu Peng  5   6   7
Affiliations

Evaluating the impact of air purifier intervention on particulate matter concentrations in a traditional Chinese medicine therapy room using multiple approaches

Ya-Fang Huang et al. Sci Rep. .

Abstract

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a widely practiced holistic care system in East Asia. However, concerns have arisen regarding the health risks associated with smoke inhalation from moxibustion treatments for both patients and medical staff. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare particulate matter (PM) concentrations in a TCM therapy room before and after installation of air purifiers. This study used multiple approaches to assess the impact of air filtration on PM levels and provided a more accurate evaluation. The first approach compared PM concentrations before and after implementation of air purifiers, which revealed significant reductions: PM1 decreased by 16% to 72% (p < 0.01), PM2.5 by 18% to 67% (p < 0.01), and PM10 by13% to 49% (p < 0.05) at an air turnover rate (kTO) of 5.6 h-1. The second approach compared indoor/outdoor (I/O) PM before and after implementation of air filters. The I/O ratios of PM2.5 and PM10 revealed significant reductions by 46% and 35%, respectively. The third approach used a linear regression model to evaluate the effectiveness of the air purifiers, revealing that their use significantly reduced PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations by 7.00 and 12.48 µg/m³, respectively. Despite these reductions, the percent reduction in PM2.5 was relatively low in this study, even with a moderate kTO of 5.6 h-1, comparing to other studies. This may be attributed to the high activity levels and crowded conditions in the therapy room, which limited the air purifiers' effectiveness. Vigorous mitigation measures, such as general ventilation with infiltration device, isolated room with local exhaust ventilation, are suggested to obtain the considerable decrease in PM.

Keywords: Air purifier; Air turnover rate; Clean air deliver rate (CADR); Indoor/outdoor ratio; Intervention.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Layout and sampling sites in the therapy room of the Traditional Chinese medicine department.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Particulate matter concentration comparison between before and after usage of air purifiers. (a) PM1, (b) PM2.5, (c) PM10; * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Indoor/outdoor ratio of PM2.5 and PM10 before and after usage of air purifiers. ** p < 0.01.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
PM2.5 concentration reduction percentage versus kTO from this study and the previous studies.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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