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Review
. 2025 Nov 14;15(22):2886.
doi: 10.3390/diagnostics15222886.

Multimodality Assessment for Durable Mechanical Circulatory Support Implantation

Luca Martini  1 , Antonio Pagliaro  2 , Francesca Maria Righini  2 , Massimo Mapelli  3 , Cristina Madaudo  4 , Nicolò Ghionzoli  5 , Carlotta Sciaccaluga  5 , Sonia Bernazzali  5 , Massimo Maccherini  5 , Serafina Valente  1   2 , Giulia Elena Mandoli  1 , Antonio Luca Maria Parlati  3 , Matteo Cameli  1
Affiliations
Review

Multimodality Assessment for Durable Mechanical Circulatory Support Implantation

Luca Martini et al. Diagnostics (Basel). .

Abstract

The prevalence of advanced heart failure (AdHF) is increasing globally, driven by population aging and improved survival rates in chronic heart failure (CHF). Durable Mechanical Circulatory Support (DMCS), particularly Left Ventricular Assist Devices (LVADs), has become a cornerstone in AdHF management. However, its successful implantation requires a comprehensive preoperative evaluation integrating cardiac, hemodynamic, and systemic assessments. Echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) provide critical data for risk stratification-e.g., LV ejection fraction < 25%, LV end-diastolic diameter < 60 mm, or free wall RV longitudinal strain (fwRVLS) > -14% predict poorer outcomes. Right heart catheterization (RHC) identifies hemodynamic contraindications (PVR > 6 WU, PAPi < 1.5, cardiac index < 2 L/min/m2), while cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) remains pivotal for assessing functional reserve (peak VO2 < 12 mL/kg/min or <50% predicted). Systemic assessment must address renal, hepatic, oncologic, and psychiatric comorbidities that influence surgical risk. Integrating these multimodal data within a multidisciplinary framework-spanning cardiologists, cardiac surgeons, anesthesiologists, and psychologists-optimizes selection and outcomes for DMCS candidates.

Keywords: DMCS; LVAD; advanced heart failure; cardiac magnetic resonance; right heart catheterization; speckle-tracking echocardiography.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
DMCS components.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Proposed multimodality checklist for DMCS candidacy.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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