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Multicenter Study
. 2026 Mar;63(3):339-349.
doi: 10.1080/02770903.2025.2592244. Epub 2025 Dec 13.

Identifying future risk factors of uncontrolled asthma control: the TAAR study perspective

Nurgul Bozkurt  1 , Oznur Abadoglu  2 , Ayse Bilge Ozturk Onaran  3 , Derya Gokmen  4 , Gozde Koycu Buhari  5 , Omur Aydin  6 , Ummuhan Seker  7 , Mehmet Polatli  8 , Ali Cengiz  9 , Zeynep Celebi Sozener  10 , Bilun Gemicioglu  11 , Ismet Bulut  12 , Sengul Beyaz  13   14 , Cihan Orcen  15 , Secil Kepil Ozdemir  16 , Metin Keren  17 , Ebru Damadoglu  18 , Tugce Yakut  19 , Ayse Fusun Kalpaklioglu  20 , Ayse Baccioglu  21 , Sumeyra Alan Yalim  22 , Insu Yilmaz  23 , Ilkay Koca Kalkan  5 , Mehmet Atilla Uysal  9 , Elif Yelda Ozgun Niksarlioglu  9 , Ali Fuat Kalyoncu  16 , Gul Karakaya  16 , Muge Erbay  20 , Sibel Nayci  21 , Fatma Merve Tepetam  11 , Asli Akkor Gelincik  12 , Hulya Dirol  1 , Ozlem Goksel  22 , Selen Karaoglanoglu  23 , Ferda Oner Erkekol  24   25 , Sacide Rana Isik  26 , Fusun Yildiz  27   28 , Yasemin Yavuz  4 , Dilek Karadogan  29 , Ipek Kivilcim Oguzulgen  30 , Ilknur Basyigit  27 , Serap Argun Baris  27 , Elif Yilmazel Ucar  31 , Tuba Erdogan  32 , Dane Ediger  33 , Fatma Esra Gunaydin  33 , Murat Turk  19   34 , Leyla Pur  35 , Zeynep Yegin Katran  11 , Yonca Sekibag  10 , Enes Furkan Aykac  10 , Dilsad Mungan  6 , Ozcan Gul  6 , Bulent Akkurt  15 , Seyma Ozden  11 , Semra Demir  12 , Derya Unal  12 , Ayse Feyza Aslan  12 , Ali Can  12 , Reyhan Gumusburun  22 , Gulhan Bogatekin  22 , Hatice Serpil Akten  22 , Sinem Inan  22 , Munevver Erdinc  36 , Aliye Candan Ogus  1 , Murat Kavas  37 , Demet Polat Yulug  37 , Mehmet Erdem Cakmak  16 , Saltuk Bugra Kaya  16 , Gulistan Alpagat  18 , Eylem Sercan Ozgur  21 , Oguz Uzun  38 , Sule Tas Gulen  8 , Gulseren Pekbak  33 , Deniz Kizilirmak  39 , Yavuz Havlucu  39 , Halil Donmez  40 , Bahar Arslan  19 , Gulden Pacaci Cetin  19 , Sadan Soyyigit  24 , Bilge Yilmaz Kara  29 , Gulden Pasaoglu Karakis  41 , Adile Berna Dursun  40   42 , Resat Kendirlinan  43 , Can Sevinc  44 , Gokcen Omeroglu Simsek  44 , Pamir Cerci  45 , Taskin Yucel  46 , Irfan Yorulmaz  47 , Zahide Ciler Tezcaner  47 , Emel Cadalli Tatar  48 , Ahmet Emre Suslu  46   49 , Serdar Ozer  46 , Engin Dursun  50 , Arzu Yorgancioglu  39 , Gulfem Elif Celik  6
Affiliations
Multicenter Study

Identifying future risk factors of uncontrolled asthma control: the TAAR study perspective

Nurgul Bozkurt et al. J Asthma. 2026 Mar.

Abstract

Objective: Risk factors associated with asthma symptom control is crucial for disease management. This study aimed to determine the risk factors of patients with uncontrolled asthma and to examine the relationship with their geographical patterns.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at 36 centers across Turkey. Future risk factors (FRFs) such as exposure to triggers/allergens and inadequate or poor inhalation technique, etc., were identified based on the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) guidelines. The associations between FRFs and demographic and clinical characteristics, geographical regions, and levels of asthma control were analyzed.

Results: The study included 2,053 adult asthma patients. At least one FRF was identified in 1576(76.8%) patients. The most common FRFs were exposure to allergens/triggers (n: 664; 32.3%), impaired asthma symptom control (n: 540; 26.3%), and eosinophilia (n: 526; 25.6%). Regarding regional differences, the most prevalent FRFs in the Marmara region were exposure to allergens/triggers and frequent use of short-acting beta-2 agonists (>3 boxes/year). In contrast, eosinophilia was more common in the Southeastern region, while inadequate or poor inhalation technique, noncompliance with treatment, and psychosocial or socioeconomic problems were more frequently observed in the Eastern Anatolia region. Asthma control was achieved in 79.5% of patients without any FRFs; however, this rate decreased significantly to 25% among patients with more than four FRFs.

Conclusions: This study demonstrates that FRFs in asthma vary according to demographic and disease characteristics, as well as geographical distribution. An increased number of FRFs was associated with asthma control. However, an individualized approach remains essential for achieving optimal asthma management.

Keywords: Asthma; asthma control; risk factors; severe asthma; uncontrolled asthma.

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