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. 2025 Nov 17:7:1637916.
doi: 10.3389/fdgth.2025.1637916. eCollection 2025.

Technical development and user experience evaluation of the Computerised version of the Sydney Test of Activities of daily living in Memory disorders (C-STAM)

Jeewani Anupama Ginige  1 , Kritika Rana  1   2 , Marcus Belcastro  1 , Pahan Gunaratne  1 , Sam Lillis  1 , Katya T Numbers  3 , Ping-Hsiu Lin  3 , Kathy Nguyen  3 , Minal Tanvir  3 , Simone Reppermund  3
Affiliations

Technical development and user experience evaluation of the Computerised version of the Sydney Test of Activities of daily living in Memory disorders (C-STAM)

Jeewani Anupama Ginige et al. Front Digit Health. .

Abstract

The assessment of functional ability in older adults is critical for the early detection and management of age-related cognitive impairment, such as dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). This paper presents a developmental and pilot user experience study of the online implementation and initial user experience evaluation of the Computerised version of the Sydney Test of Activities of daily living in Memory disorders (C-STAM), a new computerised diagnostic screening tool designed to assess functional ability in older adults with and without cognitive impairment. The technical development of the C-STAM involved translating the original STAM tasks into computerised versions, resulting in a scalable, accessible, and user-friendly tool with the potential for integration into regional and remote clinical practices. Key features of the C-STAM include automated scoring, hint options, text-to-speech functionality, a text-magnification tool, and other accessibility enhancements to accommodate diverse physical and cognitive limitations. Within the pilot study of the larger C-STAM trial, secondary feedback was sought from 30 participants (n = 13 with and n = 17 without cognitive impairment) specifically to assess the C-STAM tool's user experience (UX). This exercise did not evaluate dementia outcomes, which is planned to be reported separately. UX analysis results presented in this paper indicated a positive experience, with an average score of 5.8 ± 1.3 on a seven-point Likert scale, reflecting high perceived usability and user satisfaction. The pilot normal cognition group (n = 17) reported higher satisfaction, with an overall score of 6.4 ± 0.4. In comparison, the pilot MCI group (n = 6) and pilot dementia group (n = 7) reported lower scores of 5.1 ± 1.1 and 4.9 ± 2.1, respectively. Feedback from participants was instrumental in shaping each iteration of the tool and refining the updated version of the C-STAM that will be presented in the main validation study.

Keywords: activities of daily living; computerised assessments; older adults; user experience evaluation; user interface design.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. The author(s) declared that they were an editorial board member of Frontiers, at the time of submission. This had no impact on the peer review process and the final decision.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The user interface of the C-STAM along with accessibility features. Screenshot(s) from C-STAM application, UNSW Sydney (https://www.unsw.edu.au/research/c-stam).
Figure 2
Figure 2
The hints feature of the C-STAM along with the variation of hints provided. Screenshot(s) from C-STAM application, UNSW Sydney (https://www.unsw.edu.au/research/c-stam).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Example images of realistic grocery items generated with DALL-E (https://openai.com/index/dall-e-2/) and used in the “Online Grocery Shopping” task in C-STAM.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Evolution of user interface of the C-STAM. Screenshot(s) from C-STAM application, UNSW Sydney (https://www.unsw.edu.au/research/c-stam).
Figure 5
Figure 5
Evolution of hints in the user interface of the C-STAM. Screenshot(s) from C-STAM application, UNSW Sydney (https://www.unsw.edu.au/research/c-stam).
Figure 6
Figure 6
Summary of results from the user experience assessment questionnaire for the C-STAM assessment.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Participants’ responses on the 18 items of the user experience assessment questionnaire for the C-STAM assessment.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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