Conflicts of interest: A. Adegunsoye reports grants from the National Institutes of Health, consultancy fees from Genentech, Inogen, Medscape, Abbvie, PatientMpower, Brainomix and Boehringer Ingelheim, and payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, manuscript writing or educational events from Boehringer Ingelheim. A.G. Nicholson reports consultancy fees from Galapagos, Medical Quantitative Image Analysis, Roche and Boehringer Ingelheim, and payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, manuscript writing or educational events from Boehringer Ingelheim and Up to Date. A.U. Wells reports consultancy fees from Veracyte and Hoffmann-La Roche, payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, manuscript writing or educational events from Boehringer Ingelheim, Hoffmann-La Roche and Veracyte, travel support from Boehringer Ingelheim; and a leadership role with WASOG (as President). Y.H. Khor reports grants from NHMRC, MRFF, Air Liquide Healthcare and Austin Medical Research Foundation, and a leadership role with Thoracic Society of Australia and New Zealand, as Board director and Chair for Clinical Care and Resources Sub-Committee. M.S. Wijsenbeek reports grants from The Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development, The Dutch Lung Foundation, The Dutch Pulmonary Fibrosis Organization, Sarcoidosis.nl, Boehringer Ingelheim, Hoffman la Roche and AstraZeneca-Daiichi, consultancy fees from AstraZeneca, Avalyn Pharma, Bristol Myers Squibb, Boehringer Ingelheim, Galapagos, Galecto, GSK, Hoffman la Roche, Horizon Therapeutics, Kinevant Sciences, Molecure, Nerre Therapeutics, Novartis, PureTech Health, Respivant Science, Sanofi, Trevi and Vicore, payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, manuscript writing or educational events from Boehringer Ingelheim, CSL Behring, Hoffman la Roche, Novartis and Sanofi, support for attending meetings from Boehringer Ingelheim, GSK and Hoffman la Roche, and leadership roles as Secretary of the ILD assembly of the European Respiratory Society, Member of the board of the Netherlands Respiratory Society, Member of the scientific advisory board of the European Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis and Related Disorders Federation, Chair of the educational committee of the European Reference Network for rare Lung Diseases, and Advisory board of the Dutch Lung Fibrosis and Sarcoidosis patient associations. A. Sharma reports grants from Boehringer Ingelheim, Department of Defense, aTyr and the National Institutes of Health, consultancy fees from AmGen and Eli Lilly, payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, manuscript writing or educational events from the NYU, Pulmonary Care and Research Collaborative, support for attending meetings from Apollo Radiology International, NYU, patents planned, issued or pending (PCT/US2023/076749 – System and method for control of ionizing radiation dose in medical applications using synthetic localizers), and a leadership role with American College of Radiology. L.P. Hariri reports grants from Boehringer Ingelheim, Department of Defense and the National Institutes of Health, consultancy fees from Boehringer Ingelheim, Pliant Therapeutics, Bioclinica and Abbvie, payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, manuscript writing or educational events from Boehringer Ingelheim, participation on a data safety monitoring board or advisory board with Boehringer Ingelheim, and leadership roles with ATS, Pulmonary Pathology Society, College of American Pathologists and Pulmonary Fibrosis Foundation. K. Antoniou reports payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, manuscript writing or educational events from Boehringer Ingelheim, Roche, GSK, AZ, Chiesi and Menarini, support for attending meetings from Chiesi, AZ and Boehringer Ingelheim, participation on a data safety monitoring board or advisory board with Boehringer Ingelheim, Roche and GSK, and leadership roles with ERS (Head of Assembly 12) and ERS-EULAR (CTD-ILD Guideline Chair). R. Borie reports consultancy fees from Boehringer Ingelheim, Ferrer and Sanofi, and payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, manuscript writing or educational events, and support for attending meetings from Boehringer Ingelheim. Y. Inoue reports grants from Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare, consultancy fees from Boehringer Ingelheim, Roche, Galapagos, Shionogi, Taiho, Kyorin Pharmaceutical, Tanabe Mitsubishi, Mochida, Savara, CSL Behring, Vicore Pharma AB and NobelPharma, payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, manuscript writing or educational events from Boehringer Ingelheim, Shionogi, Kyorin Pharmaceutical, GSK, AstraZeneca and NobelPharma, and participation on a data safety monitoring board or advisory board with Boehringer Ingelheim, Roche, Taiho, Kyorin Pharmaceutical, Savara, CSL Behring and Vicore Pharma AB. K.A. Johannson reports grants from University Hospital Foundation, Three Lakes Foundation, Lung Health Foundation and the Canadian Institute for Health Research, consultancy fees from Boehringer Ingelheim, payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, manuscript writing or educational events from Boehringer Ingelheim and Abbvie, support for attending meetings from Boehringer Ingelheim, and participation on a data safety monitoring board for the PFOX trial. L. Kawano-Dourado reports grants from Brazilian Ministry of Health (PROADI-SUS), Boehringer Ingelheim, and Bristol-Myers-Squibb, and non-financial support from Fisher & Paykel for a study she served as chief investigator. T.M. Maher reports consultancy fees from Boehringer Ingelheim, Hoffmann-La Roche/Genentech, Abbvie, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Bristol-Myers Squibb, CSL Behring, Galapagos, Galecto, GlaxoSmithKline, IQVIA, Pfizer, Pliant, PureTech, Sanofi, Theravance, Trevi and Vicore, participation on a data safety monitoring board or advisory board with Fibrogen, Blade Therapeutics and Nerre, and stock or stock options from Qureight. P.L. Molyneaux reports grants from AstraZeneca, GSK, Asthma & Lung UK, and Action for Pulmonary Fibrosis, consultancy fees from Hoffman-La Roche, Boehringer Ingelheim, AstraZeneca, Trevi, Qureight and Endeavour, payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, manuscript writing or educational events from Boehringer Ingelheim and Hoffman-La Roche, participation on a data safety monitoring board or advisory board with United Therapeutics, and stock (or stock options) with Qureight. S.L.F. Walsh reports grants from Boehringer Ingelheim, NIHR and Galapagos, consultancy fees from Boehringer Ingelheim, Hoffmann-La Roche, Galapagos, Open Source Imaging consortium, Puretech, Pliant, Oncorendi Therapeutics and FLUIDDA, payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, manuscript writing or educational events from Boehringer Ingelheim, participation on a data safety monitoring board or advisory board with Boehringer Ingelheim and Hoffmann-La Roche, and stock or stock options from Qureight Ltd. P.J. Wolters reports grants from Boehringer Ingelheim, the National Institutes of Health, Hoffmann-La Roche, Sanofi and Pliant Therapeutics, and payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events from Boehringer Ingelheim. C.J. Ryerson reports grants, payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, manuscript writing or educational events, and payment for expert testimony from Boehringer Ingelheim, consultancy fees from Boehringer Ingelheim, Pliant Therapeutics, AstraZeneca, Trevi Therapeutics, Avalyn and Veracyte, and support for attending meetings from Boehringer Ingelheim and Cipla Ltd. The remaining authors have no potential conflicts of interest to disclose.