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. 2025 Dec 9.
doi: 10.1111/jopr.70070. Online ahead of print.

The accuracy of static computer-aided implant surgery in four central incisor post-extraction morphologies: An in vitro study

Dhafer Saleh Alqahtani  1 , Vinicius Dutra  2 , Waldemar D Polido  3 , Wei-Shao Lin  1 , Chao-Chieh Yang  4
Affiliations

The accuracy of static computer-aided implant surgery in four central incisor post-extraction morphologies: An in vitro study

Dhafer Saleh Alqahtani et al. J Prosthodont. .

Abstract

Purpose: To evaluate the accuracy of guided surgery in a healed ridge and various maxillary anterior extraction sockets.

Materials and methods: Forty radiopaque urethane resin bone models simulating the maxillary right central incisor were fabricated and divided into four groups (n = 10 each). Group H (healed ridge), Group L (socket adjacent to labial cortex), Group C (centralized socket), and Group P (socket adjacent to palatal cortex). Models were scanned using a TRIOS 4 intraoral scanner, and CBCT scans were acquired. Implant planning was performed using software (Codiagnostix), and implants were placed with a fully guided static computer-aided implant surgery (s-CAIS) protocol. Deviations between planned and actual implant positions were measured in global, bucco-lingual, and mesio-distal deviations at the crest and apex.

Results: Group C showed the greatest global deviation at both the crest (0.83 ± 0.34 mm) and apex (0.98 ± 0.29 mm), whereas Group L showed the lowest global deviations at the crest (0.38 ± 0.17 mm) and apex (0.49 ± 0.26 mm). Angular deviation was highest in Group H (2.91° ± 1.37°) and lowest in Group C (1.87° ± 1.11°). Depth deviations were not statistically different. One-way ANOVA revealed socket morphology significantly influenced global, labial-palatal, and mesial-distal deviations at both crest and apex levels (p < 0.05), with Group L showing superior apical accuracy (p < 0.001).

Conclusions: Socket morphology significantly affects s-CAIS accuracy. Centralized sockets showed greater positional deviations, particularly at the crest. Socket morphology should be carefully considered during virtual treatment planning for immediate implant placement.

Keywords: accuracy; extraction sockets; guided surgery; immediate implant placement; s‐CAIS.

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