Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2026 Apr 1;147(4):569-573.
doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000006145. Epub 2025 Dec 11.

Effectiveness of 2023-2024 Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Vaccines in Pregnant Women

Allison Avrich Ciesla  1 , Victoria Lazariu, Janet A Watts, Gabriela Vazquez-Benitez, Kristin Dascomb, Stephanie A Irving, Nicola P Klein, Shaun J Grannis, Toan C Ong, Sarah W Ball, Malini DeSilva, Tamara Sheffield, Daniel Bride, Joshua Van Otterloo, Julie Arndorfer, Allison L Naleway, Padma Koppolu, Bruce Fireman, John Hansen, Julius Timbol, Brian E Dixon, Colin Rogerson, William Fadel, Michelle A Barron, David Mayer, Catia Chavez, Yan Zhuang, Angela Cheung, Lawrence Reichle, Karthik Natarajan, Amanda B Payne, Ruth Link-Gelles, Ousseny Zerbo
Affiliations

Effectiveness of 2023-2024 Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Vaccines in Pregnant Women

Allison Avrich Ciesla et al. Obstet Gynecol. .

Abstract

Pregnant women are at higher risk of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) compared with nonpregnant women of reproductive age. During 2023-2024, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommended COVID-19 vaccination for everyone aged 6 months or older, including pregnant women. Using a test-negative design, we assessed the effectiveness of 2023-2024 COVID-19 vaccines against COVID-19-associated emergency department (ED) and urgent care setting encounters among pregnant women aged 18-45 years presenting for care with COVID-19 symptoms from September 2023 to August 2024. Vaccine effectiveness against COVID-19-associated ED and urgent care encounters of one 2023-2024 COVID-19 vaccine dose was 58% (95% CI, 24-77%) among pregnant women and 37% (95% CI, 29-44%) among nonpregnant women of the same age. The 2023-2024 COVID-19 vaccines were associated with a decrease in COVID-19-associated ED and urgent care encounters among pregnant women and nonpregnant women of reproductive age.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Financial Disclosures All authors have completed and submitted the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors form for disclosure of potential conflicts of interest. During the conduct of the study, all Kaiser Permanente Southern California Division of Research and Kaiser Permanente Northern California Division of Research-affiliated authors reported receiving contractual support from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) via payments made to their respective institutions. Additionally, all authors affiliated with HealthPartners Institute, Intermountain Healthcare, Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Regenstrief Institute, and University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus reported receiving contractual support from the CDC during the conduct of the study, via subcontracts from Westat, Inc. with payments made to their respective institutions. Unrelated to the submitted work, the following disclosures were reported from the past 36 months: Gabriela Vazquez-Benitez reports support from Sanofi Pasteur. Nicola P. Klein reports support from Sanofi Pasteur, Merck, Moderna, Pfizer, Seqirus, and GlaxoSmithKline. Shaun J. Grannis reports contracts with National Institutes of Health (NIH) National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences and NIH National Institute of Mental Health. Toan C. Ong received consulting fees from Regenstrief Institute and support for travel from Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI) and Regenstrief Institute and has a current patent, PCT/US2018/047961. Malini DeSilva reports a contract with Vaccine Safety Datalink with the Center for Excellent in Newcomer Health. Tamara Sheffield is a member of CDC Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices Influenza Vaccine Work Group, chair of Utah Adult Immunization Coalition—volunteer vaccine quality improvement and advocacy group and a member of Utah Department of Health and Human Services Scientific Advisory Committee on Vaccines. Brian E. Dixon reports a contract with Vaccine Safety Datalink Project, Contract No. 75D30122D15424. William Fadel reports a contract with Vaccine Safety Datalink Project, Contract No. 75D30122D15424. Michelle A. Barron was a speaker bureau participant—Innoviva Specialty Therapeutics -Oct 2023. Ousseny Zerbo reports grant number R01AI168373 with the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases as well as contracts from Moderna and Pfizer. The other authors did not report any potential conflicts of interest.

References

    1. Piekos SN, Roper RT, Hwang YM, Sorensen T, Price ND, Hood L, et al. The effect of maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection timing on birth outcomes: a retrospective multicentre cohort study. Lancet Digit Health 2022;4:e95–104. doi: 10.1016/s2589-7500(21)00250-8 - DOI
    1. Marchand G, Patil AS, Masoud AT, Ware K, King A, Ruther S, et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis of COVID-19 maternal and neonatal clinical features and pregnancy outcomes up to June 3, 2021. AJOG Glob Rep 2022;2:100049. doi: 10.1016/j.xagr.2021.100049 - DOI
    1. Allotey J, Stallings E, Bonet M, Yap M, Chatterjee S, Kew T, et al. Clinical manifestations, risk factors, and maternal and perinatal outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 in pregnancy: living systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 2020;370:m3320. doi: 10.1136/bmj.m3320 - DOI
    1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Interim clinical considerations for use of COVID-19 vaccines in the United States. Accessed January 16, 2025. https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/covid-19/clinical-considerations/interim-co...
    1. Schrag SJ, Verani JR, Dixon BE, Page JM, Butterfield KA, Gaglani M, et al. Estimation of COVID-19 mRNA vaccine effectiveness against medically attended COVID-19 in pregnancy during periods of Delta and omicron variant predominance in the United States. JAMA Netw Open 2022;5:e2233273. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.33273 - DOI

Substances

LinkOut - more resources