Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Comparative Study
. 2025 Dec;11(6):e70261.
doi: 10.1002/cre2.70261.

Comparison of Jaw Function and Mental Health Between Patients With Anterior Disc Displacement With and Without Reduction

Yuan Yao  1 , Sha Sha Liu  1 , Lei Jin  1 , Ji Ling Ye  1 , Zhong Yi Fang  1 , Yang Yang  1 , Li Li Xu  1 , Bin Cai  1 , Xin Jiang  1
Affiliations
Comparative Study

Comparison of Jaw Function and Mental Health Between Patients With Anterior Disc Displacement With and Without Reduction

Yuan Yao et al. Clin Exp Dent Res. 2025 Dec.

Abstract

Objectives: Anterior disc displacement with reduction (ADDWR) and without reduction (ADDWOR) are two common clinical types of temporomandibular disorders. This study compared the levels of anxiety, depression, somatization, and jaw function of patients with ADDWR and ADDWOR.

Material and methods: From January 2023 to December 2024, 119 patients with ADDWR and 127 patients with ADDWOR were recruited from the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine at the Shanghai Ninth Peoples Hospital. All participants completed a single assessment, including a pain rating and several questionnaires to assess jaw dysfunction, depression, somatization, and anxiety levels. The scores and the grade distribution of somatization, depression, and anxiety of the two groups were compared.

Results: Anxiety, depression, and somatization scores, as well as grade distributions, did not differ significantly between the ADDWR and ADDWOR groups. The scores for jaw function limitation, and pain on mouth opening and chewing were higher in the ADDWOR group than in the ADDWR group.

Conclusions: Patients with ADDWOR demonstrated more severely impaired jaw function and greater pain intensity during mouth opening and mastication compared to the ADDWR group. However, no significant differences were observed between the groups in terms of anxiety, depression, or somatic symptoms.

Keywords: anxiety; depression; jaw pain; mandibular function; somatic symptoms; temporomandibular disorders.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

    1. Bitiniene, D. , Zamaliauskiene R., Kubilius R., Leketas M., Gailius T., and Smirnovaite K.. 2018. “Quality of Life in Patients With Temporomandibular Disorders. A Systematic Review.” Stomatologija 20: 3–9. - PubMed
    1. Dworkin, R. H. , Turk D. C., Wyrwich K. W., et al. 2008. “Interpreting the Clinical Importance of Treatment Outcomes in Chronic Pain Clinical Trials: IMMPACT Recommendations.” Journal of Pain 9: 105–121. - PubMed
    1. Ekici, Ö. , Dündar Ü., Gökay G. D., and Büyükbosna M.. 2022. “Evaluation of the Efficiency of Different Treatment Modalities in Individuals With Painful Temporomandibular Joint Disc Displacement With Reduction: A Randomised Controlled Clinical Trial.” British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 60: 350–356. - PubMed
    1. Fillingim, R. B. , Ohrbach R., Greenspan J. D., et al. 2013. “Psychological Factors Associated With Development of TMD: The OPPERA Prospective Cohort Study.” Journal of Pain 14: T75–T90. - PMC - PubMed
    1. He, J. , Ran J., Zheng B., Algahefi A., and Liu Y.. 2022. “Finite Element Analysis of Various Thickness Occlusal Stabilization Splint Therapy on Unilateral Temporomandibular Joint Anterior Disc Displacement Without Reduction.” American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 161: e277–e286. - PubMed

Publication types

MeSH terms