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. 2026 Jan 7.
doi: 10.1186/s12873-026-01473-3. Online ahead of print.

Construction of an index system for assessing emergency department overcrowding in Chinese tertiary hospitals: a Delphi study

Zhen Ren #  1 , Nengyuan Xu #  1 , Yilan Yang  1 , Shu Li  1 , Hua Zhang  2 , Lijun Wang  3 , Yessai Negati Mu  4 , Wei Chong  5 , Ping Zhou  6 , Longfei Pan  7 , Guoxing Wang  8 , Xiaojing Li  9 , Yan Li  10 , Wencao Liu  11 , Hongxuan Liu  12 , Bin Xu  13 , Yinzi Jin  14 , Li Ma  1 , Guilong Feng  15 , Qingbian Ma  16
Affiliations
Free article

Construction of an index system for assessing emergency department overcrowding in Chinese tertiary hospitals: a Delphi study

Zhen Ren et al. BMC Emerg Med. .
Free article
No abstract available

Keywords: Assessment; Crowding; Delphi method; Emergency department; Index system.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: The Institutional Review Board of Peking University Third Hospital approved this study (M-2025-0339). All study participants provided informed consent. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

References

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    1. Forero R, McCarthy S, Hillman K. Access block and emergency department overcrowding [J]. Crit Care. 2011;15(2):216. https://doi.org/10.1186/cc9998.
    1. Eitel DR, Rudkin SE, Malvehy MA, et al. Improving service quality by Understanding emergency department flow: a white paper and position statement prepared for the American academy of emergency medicine [J]. J Emerg Med. 2010;38(1):70–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jemermed.2008.03.038.
    1. Kim JS, Bae HJ, Sohn CH, et al. Maximum emergency department overcrowding is correlated with occurrence of unexpected cardiac arrest [J]. Crit Care. 2020;24(1):305. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-020-03019-w.
    1. Chang YH, Shih HM, Chen CY, et al. Association of sudden in-hospital cardiac arrest with emergency department crowding [J]. Resuscitation. 2019;138:106–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2019.03.001.

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