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. 2026 Jan 10.
doi: 10.1007/s10620-025-09653-0. Online ahead of print.

Pneumococcal Vaccine Is Associated with Improved Outcomes in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Insights from a Propensity-Matched Study in the United States

Mouhand F H Mohamed #  1 , Sapana R Gupta #  2 , Azizullah Beran  3 , Osama Hamid  4 , Francis A Farraye  5 , Samir A Shah  6
Affiliations

Pneumococcal Vaccine Is Associated with Improved Outcomes in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Insights from a Propensity-Matched Study in the United States

Mouhand F H Mohamed et al. Dig Dis Sci. .

Abstract

Introduction: Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are at higher risk of pneumonia due to the disease itself and the use of immune-modifying medications.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of TriNetX US Collaborative Network data on patients with IBD who received the 20-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV20). Propensity score matching was performed to adjust for differences in demographics and pneumonia-related risk factors.

Results: After propensity score matching, 12,796 patients were included in the analysis. The mean ages of the vaccinated and control groups were 55.2 ± 16.3 and 55.8 ± 17.1 years, respectively, with females comprising 53% of each group. The most commonly prescribed IBD therapies across both cohorts included prednisone, methylprednisolone, budesonide, and adalimumab. Compared to the control group, patients who received PCV20 experienced significantly lower risks of pneumonia, acute respiratory failure, hospital admissions, ICU admissions, and all-cause mortality.

Discussion: These findings align with current recommendations supporting pneumococcal vaccination in adult patients with IBD and highlight the importance of further studies to clarify the extent of vaccine-related benefit in this population.

Keywords: IBD; Pneumococcal vaccine; Pneumonia; Preventative care.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Conflict of interest: FAF: Consultant for Astellas, Avalo Therapeutics, Bausch, BMS, Braintree Labs, Fresenius Kabi, GI Reviewers, GSK, IBD Educational Group, Iterative Health, Janssen, Pharmacosmos, Pfizer, Sandoz Immunology, Viatris. DSMB: Eli Lilly AbbVie. SAS: Consultant Roche Information Systems, Advisory Board: Pfizer The remaining authors do not have conflicts of interest to disclose. Informed consent: The requirement for individual informed consent was waived as this study analyzed only de-identified data from the TriNetX Research Network.

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