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Review
. 2026 Jan 12.
doi: 10.1007/s00261-025-05369-x. Online ahead of print.

Multimodal ultrasound assessment of ovarian reserve

Shuangping Deng  1 , Shaokun Lin  2
Affiliations
Review

Multimodal ultrasound assessment of ovarian reserve

Shuangping Deng et al. Abdom Radiol (NY). .

Abstract

Ovarian reserve represents the quantity and quality of a woman's remaining oocytes and serves as a key indicator of reproductive potential. Accurate and non-invasive evaluation of ovarian reserve is essential for guiding fertility management, predicting ovarian response, and monitoring age-related or pathological decline. With the advancement of imaging technology, multimodal ultrasound has emerged as a promising tool for comprehensive ovarian assessment. Two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound, Doppler imaging, shear wave elastography (SWE), contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS), and artificial intelligence (AI)-driven imaging together provide complementary insights into ovarian morphology, vascularity, and tissue stiffness. These modalities allow quantitative, reproducible, and real-time assessment of ovarian reserve, enabling early detection of diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) and premature ovarian insufficiency (POI). Moreover, AI-assisted analysis enhances diagnostic consistency and efficiency, paving the way for precision reproductive medicine. In conclusion, the integration of multimodal ultrasound technologies offers a comprehensive, non-invasive framework for evaluating ovarian reserve, supporting individualized fertility assessment and improving reproductive outcomes.

Keywords: Autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD); Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS); DOR (diminished ovarian reserve); Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI); Shear wave elastography (SWE); Three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests. Ethical approval: Not applicable. Consent to participate: Not applicable. Consent for publication: All authors have been informed of the article’s content and have provided their consent for its publication.

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