The knee's brake: Understanding increased anterior cruciate ligament injury in females

Affiliations

¹ Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
² Department of Human Health Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.

Meghan Rilling et al. J Physiol. 2026.

. 2026 Jan 17.

doi: 10.1113/JP290571. Online ahead of print.

¹ Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
² Department of Human Health Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.

No abstract available

Keywords: anterior cruciate ligament; cyclic loading; female; sex hormone.

References

1. Belozo, F. L., Belozo, R. S. M. N., Ricardo Lopes, C., Yamada, A. K., & Silva, V. R. R. (2024). Anterior cruciate ligament: A brief narrative review of main risk factors for injury and re‐injury. Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies, 38, 92–99.
1. Liu, Y., Rodeo, S. A., Deng, X. H., Song, Z., Chen, D., & Casey, E. (2022). Evaluation of sex differences in rodent anterior cruciate ligament injury. Journal of Orthopedic Research, 41(1), 32–43.
1. Schlecht, S. H., Loflin, B. E., Carter, A. R., Hanna, R., Shergill, S., & Wojtys, E. M. (2025). Sex differences in the physiological response to acute anterior cruciate ligament overuse. The Journal of Physiology, 604(1), 297–316.
1. Slauterbeck, J., Clevenger, C., Lundberg, W., & Burchfield, D. M. (1999). Estrogen level alters the failure load of the rabbit anterior cruciate ligament. Journal of Orthopaedic Research: Official Publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society, 17(3), 405–408.
1. Song, Z., Deng, X.‐H., Rodeo, S., Album, Z. M., Hall, A., Chen, T., Croen, B., & Scott, R. A. (2023). Anatomy and biomechanics of the rat knee ligaments. Journal of Sports Medicine and Therapy, 8(2), 008–015.