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. 2026 Jan 22:144:108196.
doi: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2026.108196. Online ahead of print.

Temporal trends and risk factors of hospital readmission following deep brain stimulation for Parkinson disease

Daniel G Di Luca  1 , Adam de Havenon  2 , Anagha Prabhune  3 , Joel Perlmutter  4 , Tamara Hershey  5 , Scott A Norris  6
Affiliations

Temporal trends and risk factors of hospital readmission following deep brain stimulation for Parkinson disease

Daniel G Di Luca et al. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. .

Abstract

Background: Risk factors and long-term data on readmissions following deep brain stimulation (DBS) for Parkinson Disease (PD) remain unclear.

Objective: To evaluate the temporal trend and risk factors associated with hospital readmission following DBS for PD.

Methods: We analyzed DBS procedures for PD in the National Readmissions Database (2016-2022). The association between demographic, clinical, and hospital factors with 90-day readmission following DBS was evaluated using a multivariable logistic and Cox regression models.

Results: Among 7535 DBS surgeries, 8.1 % individuals were readmitted within 90 days. Higher Elixhauser-Comorbidity Index and complicated diabetes mellitus were associated with a higher risk of 90-day readmission (adjusted odds ratio 1.60, 95 % CI 1.06-2.41). Readmissions did not statistically significantly change between 2016 and 2022.

Conclusion: The rate of non-elective readmissions following DBS for PD has not changed over time. A higher comorbidity index and complicated diabetes mellitus were identified as key risk factors.

Keywords: Comorbidity index; Deep brain stimulation; Hospital readmission; Outcomes research; Parkinson disease.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of competing interest Dr. Di Luca reports research support from the Defeat MSA Foundation. He has received travel honoraria from Insightec and serves on the advisory board for Defeat MSA. Dr. Norris reports research support from the NIH (NS124789, NS140256) and MJFF. He serves on the medical and scientific advisory board (uncompensated) for the Dystonia Medical Research Foundation and the Scientific advisory board for Dysphonia International (uncompensated) who have supported travel. He has previously received travel honoraria from Medtronic. Joel S. Perlmutter reports salary and research support from NIA-NINDS RF1NS075321, NS124789, U19 NS110456, NS097799, R33 AT010753, NS124738, NS097437, NS103988, NS134586, AG094871, R21TR005231, Barnes Jewish Hospital Foundation (Elliot Stein Family Fund and Parkinson Disease Research Fund), Paula & Rodger Riney Fund, Oertli Fund, American Parkinson Disease Association (APDA), the Missouri Chapter of the APDA, Bander-Jansky Fund. He also serves as the Director of the Medical and Scientific Committee of the Dystonia Medical Research Foundation, the Chair of the Scientific Review Committee for ENROLL-HD, serves on the Scientific Review Committee of the APDA. The other authors report no relevant financial or non-financial disclosures.

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