Association of triglyceride glucose-body mass index with blood pressure variability and morning blood pressure surge in young and middle-aged patients with primary hypertension

Abstract

Background and aims: Morning blood pressure surge (MBPS) is a significant predictor of adverse cardiovascular events in hypertension. Prior studies have also found an independent association between triglyceride glucose-body mass index (TyG-BMI) and an increased hypertension risk. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the relationship of TyG-BMI with MBPS and blood pressure variability (BPV) in young and middle-aged patients with primary hypertension (PH).

Methods and results: A total of 653 patients with PH, aged 18-65 years, were enrolled in this retrospective cross-sectional study. Patients were divided into low and high TyG-BMI groups by the median. Compared with the low TyG-BMI group, the high TyG-BMI group demonstrated significantly higher coefficient of variation (CV) of mean nocturnal systolic blood pressure (nSBP-CV), CV of mean nocturnal diastolic blood pressure (nDBP-CV), and MBPS (27.50 [18.00, 38.00] mmHg vs. 24.50 [17.00, 34.63] mmHg, P = 0.012). Additionally, the proportion of patients with elevated MBPS (i.e., ≥35 mmHg) in the high TyG-BMI group was slightly higher than that in the low TyG-BMI group; however, this difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.067). TyG-BMI was positively associated with MBPS and BPV (r = 0.087-0.108). Multiple linear regression analysis further showed that TyG-BMI was an independent risk factor for increased dDBP-CV, nSBP-CV, nDBP-CV, and MBPS after covariate adjustment.

Conclusions: TyG-BMI is an independent risk factor for increased dDBP-CV, nSBP-CV, nDBP-CV, and MBPS in young and middle-aged patients with PH.

Keywords: Blood pressure variability; Morning blood pressure surge; Primary hypertension; Triglyceride glucose-body mass index.