Lesions of the gastrointestinal tract of pigs infected with transmissible gastroenteritis

Abstract

Gross, subgross and histological lesions were studied in 103 pigs infected with transmissible gastroenteritis virus and killed at daily intervals for 14 days. Twenty-three pigs served as controls. Thirty-six pigs were given colchicine four hours prior to being killed in order to determine the mitotic activity in the gastrointestinal tract. The gross lesions consisted of dehydration, excessive milk curd in the stomach, focal hemorrhage in the submucosa of the diverticulum ventriculi of the stomach, fundic and pyloric congestion in severly dehydrated animals and thinning of the small intestinal wall. The major subgross lesion was a marked shortening of the villi in the lower duodenum, jejunum and ileum within 24 hours after exposure to the virus. Regrowth of the villi became evident on about the sixth day after infection. Histological examination of the small intestine revealed that the villus-height/crypt-depth ratio in the jejunum was reduced from 7:1 in normal pigs to less than 1:1 in infected pigs. Villous atrophy was less severe in the proximal duodenum and ileum. Cells covering the atrophic villi were flatened or cuboidal and did not have well defined brush borders. Inflammatory changes in the gastrointestinal tract were minimal at all stages of infection. Goblet cell numbers increased slightly in the recovery stage of the disease and small numbers of mononuclear cells accumulated in the lamina propria during regrowth of the villi. The number of metaphase nuclei in the small intestinal crypts of infected pigs was greater than in normal pigs.