Metabolism of adrenal cholesterol in man. II. In vitro studies including a comparison of adrenal cholesterol synthesis with the synthesis of the clucocorticosteroid hormones

Abstract

The synthesis of adrenal cholesterol, its esterification and the synthesis of the glucocorticosteroid hormones were studied in vitro on human adrenal tissue. It was found that the synthesis of adrenal cholesterol may normally be small in the zona "fasciculata," particularly when compared with the synthesis of the glucocorticosteroid hormones, that it is several times higher in the zona "reticularis" where esterified cholesterol is less abundant, and that under ACTH stimulation it increases strikingly and proportionally to the degree of esterified adrenal cholesterol depletion. ON THE OTHER HAND, THE RELATIVE RATE OF ESTERIFICATION AS WELL AS THE CONCENTRATION OF FREE ADRENAL CHOLESTEROL ARE REMARKABLY STABLE: they do not differ according to the adrenal zonation and are unaffected by ACTH. Furthermore, from a qualitative point of view, the relative proportions of Delta(1) and Delta(2) cholesteryl esters formed in situ are similar to those anticipated from their relative concentrations, suggesting that the characteristic fatty acid distribution of the adrenal cholesteryl esters results from an in situ esterification rather than from a selective uptake of the plasma cholesteryl esters. Besides, the in vitro esterification reveals a propensity to the formation of the most unsaturated cholesteryl esters. Regarding hydrocortisone and corticosterone, their synthesis tends to be more elevated in the zona "fasciculata." Despite its higher cholesterol concentration the zona "fasciculata" should not therefore be viewed as a quiescent functional complement to the zona "reticularis" and the cortical distribution of glucocorticosteroid hormone synthesis is quite distinct from that of adrenal cholesterol synthesis.