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. 1974 Apr;49(4):248-55.

Organ blood flow, wash-in, washout, and clearance of nutrients and metabolites

J B Bassingthwaighte, T Yipintsoi

Organ blood flow, wash-in, washout, and clearance of nutrients and metabolites

J B Bassingthwaighte et al. Mayo Clin Proc. 1974 Apr.
No abstract available

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Diagram of clearance versus flow (F). The Roman numerals denote regions of different flow or of different ratios of intravascular convective velocity to diffusive velocity (or permeation rate) in the extra-vascular tissue. DL and DR denote diffusion parallel and perpendicular to the flow stream, respectively.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Similarity of a family of residue function curves can be tested by plotting the curves obtained at different flow rates (Left) against time divided by the mean transit time of each curve. Superimposition (Right) of the curves indicates “similarity” and that solute washout is flow-limited.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Transcoronary transport functions for plasma protein-bound indocyanine green obtained at varied flow rates (t̄ from 4.2 to 6.5 seconds) in the dog. The similarity of the curves indicates flow-limited intra-organ distribution of the dye and constancy of the relative distribution of flows.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Myocardial fractional escape rates after injection of boluses of xenon-133 into coronary inflow at various coronary flows in a dog. F/W is measured total coronary flow (ml/min per g of heart); short dashes = F/W ≦ 1.0 ml/min per g. At early times (Upper) and in the early phase of washout (Lower), the escape rate tends to be higher when F/W is lower (short dashes); at later times (around Ft/W = 1), in a later phase of washout (around H(t) ≈ 0.7), η(t) is relatively low for these curves.
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Influences of diffusional transfer of tracer between inflow and outflow on clearance.
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
Capillary-tissue exchange model. Lower, Concentration-vs.-time curve for outflow after a bolus injection into inflow. An initial sharp peak of non-extracted tracer is followed by a slow tail of tracer washing out from the extravascular space. The arrow indicates the time at which the upper panel shows the spatial distribution. Upper, Capillary-tissue region portrayed with extravascular region lying above and capillary below. Greater brightness = higher concentration; the curves are isoconcentration lines. Flow is from left to right, with the intra-arterially injected bolus being about two-thirds of the distance through the capillary. The capillary membrane is represented by the thick horizontal line between capillary and tissue: at the leading edge of the bolus (toward right), capillary concentration is higher than tissue concentration; at the trailing edge of the bolus (left or upstream end), tissue concentration is higher than capillary concentration. At this time, 0.5 second after injection at inflow (left end of capillary), as indicated by the arrow (lower panel), the fastest flowing particles have reached the outflow, producing the upslope and peak of Cv(t) (lower panel), but the major portion of the bolus is spreading from capillary into tissue (upper panel). The trailing wave of concentrated tracer in the tissue has the angle shown here because the time for diffusion from just outside the capillary to the boundary of the tissue region is about the same as the time for convection from capillary inflow to outflow. (This would not apply to the heart, where intratissue diffusion is at least 100 times faster.) In this mathematical solution, a very high value for permeability has been used (about 1,000 times higher than normal values for sodium), which tends to minimize the blood-tissue gradients. This figure exemplifies the situation in which extraction can be limited by slow extravascular diffusion rather than by slow penetration of the capillary membrane.
Fig. 7
Fig. 7
Diagram of clearances at various flows or various ratios of convective to diffusive velocities. Regions defined as in Figure 1. Continuous line = clearance of intra-arterial tracer. Long dashes = clearance of tracer from extravascular region.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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    1. Yipintsoi T, Bossingthwaighte JB. Circulatory transport of iodo-antipyrine and water in the isolated dog heart. Circ Res. 1970;27:461–477. - PMC - PubMed

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