The biology of human spermatozoa
- PMID: 566404
The biology of human spermatozoa
Abstract
PIP: This article summarizes the basic aspects of the biology of spermatozoa, not the clinical aspects, and the discussion focuses first on the structure and biochemistry of sperm and then follows the germ cell from its inception (spermatogenesis) to its final destination (fusion with the ovum). Figures accompany the textual discussion of the characteristics of sperm cells. Structure of sperm is broken down into sperm head (nucleus, acrosome and postnuclear cap, and neck) and the sperm tail (flagellum, fibrous sheath, and midpiece). Then follows a section on the biochemistry and motility of sperm with the biochemical constituents of each part of the structure outlined. The process of spermatogenesis is described, sperm maturation and epididymal function are discussed, storage, aging, and transport of sperm in th male genital tract are explained, and the characteristics of the ejaculate are emphasized (liquefaction). Next, the transport of sperm in the female genital tract is discussed, focusing on the role of the cervix, uterus, and fallopian tubes in this process. The article ends with a brief discussion of sperm capacitation (which occurs in the uterus) and a more lengthy section on the fertilizing of the female germ cell by the sperm.
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