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Review
. 1981 Feb;9(2):101-6.
doi: 10.1002/ana.410090202.

Pain II: new approaches to management

H L Fields
Review

Pain II: new approaches to management

H L Fields. Ann Neurol. 1981 Feb.

Abstract

There is an intrinsic analgesia system in the brain with both endogenous opioid and biogenic amine links. This system provides a basis for understanding how different therapeutic approaches relieve pain. The present review critically evaluates the analgesic efficacy of the following therapies: placebo administration, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, acupuncture, intrathecal and epidural opiate injection, electrical stimulation of the brain, and psychotropic drugs.

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