Stress analgesia: effects of PCPA, yohimbine, and naloxone

Abstract

Evidence suggests that morphine analgesia depends on the integrity of monoaminergic transmitter systems. Some forms of stress analgesia seem to be related to morphine analgesia, while others are not. To assess whether opioid and non-opioid stress analgesia differ in their reliance on monoamine systems, the effects of parachlorophenylalanine (PCPA) and yohimbine on analgesia produced by prolonged intermittent and brief continuous footshock were examined on the hotplate test. The interaction of adrenergic and endorphinergic activity with serotonergic mechanisms following these stressors was also investigated by testing the effects of yohimbine and naloxone on rats with prior PCPA treatment. Yohimbine alone significantly reduced baseline hotplate latencies, while PCPA and naloxone did not. The two stressors differed in the effects produced by both naloxone and PCPA. Naloxone significantly reversed stress analgesia in the prolonged stress condition, but not the brief stress condition. PCPA significantly enhanced the antinociceptive effect of brief continuous shock, while leaving the response to prolonged intermittent shock unaffected. In contrast, yohimbine blocked the analgesic effects of prolonged stress. For the brief stress condition, naloxone reversed the elevated thresholds elicited in PCPA treated rats. Naloxone also reversed stress analgesia for PCPA treated rats exposed to prolonged intermittent stress. Yohimbine lowered the responses of PCPA treated rats subjected to brief continuous shock. These results support an interactive model of stress analgesia dependent upon serotonergic, adrenergic, and endorphinergic transmitter systems.