Combination of bleomycin and adriamycin with and without radiation on the treatment of inoperable esophageal cancer. A randomized study

Abstract

In a prospective randomized study, 31 patients with inoperable esophageal cancer were treated with a combination of bleomycin and adriamycin, and with a combination of these cytostatics and radiation. Evaluation of treatment results showed 3 partial remissions and 2 stable-disease cases in the group of 16 patients treated by cytostatic drugs alone; in all other cases, the disease progressed. The response rate achieved in this group was 19%. In the group including 15 patients who were irradiated with a dose of 3600--4000 rad and received simultaneously the same cytostatics with a somewhat lower dose of adriamycin, there were 3 complete remissions, 6 partial remissions, and 4 stable-disease cases, while in 2 cases the disease progressed. The response rate was 60%, which was statistically significant (P less than 0.025) when compared with the results achieved by the group receiving the bleomycin adriamycin combination. The average duration of remissions in the complete-response cases was 11 months, and in the partial-response cases, 5.2 months with combined treatment, and 4.2 months with combination chemotherapy. The toxic side-effects were tolerable for the patients, albeit more intensive with the combined-treatment modality. Four esophagobronchial fistulas (four disease progressions) and one rupture of the aorta were noted during treatment. This study has shown the advantages of chemoradiotherapeutic treatment of inoperable esophageal cancer.