Extramembranous nephropathy in black South African children

Abstract

Membranous nephropathy is the most frequent histological category among black children with nephrotic syndrome. In this study 31 African children with this condition are described. There were more boys than girls and the peak age was four to 11 years. The incidence of this histological category and clinical outcome in the African children were similar to these features in adults with membranous nephropathy. During a follow-up period of up to six years there was spontaneous remission in a third of patients, persistent proteinuria in just over a third (37.5%) and persistent relapse in under a third (29.2%). Hypertension occurred more frequently (19.3%) and spontaneous remission less often (33.3%) than in children with membranous nephropathy elsewhere. Hypertension, the lower remission rate and persistence of proteinuria during the course of the disease were similar to the disease seen in adults. Renal failure was not encountered in any patients. Steroids were of little value in the treatment of these children. Five children (16.2%) had associated infections. HBsAg was present in three of six children tested.