Bleomycin in the treatment of recalcitrant warts

Abstract

Bleomycin is gaining increasing popularity in the treatment of warts, but its efficacy has not been examined in well-controlled studies. We evaluated bleomycin in a double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study in recalcitrant warts treated unsuccessfully by conventional methods. Patients were assigned alternately to placebo or bleomycin groups and treated by intralesional injections of bleomycin, 1 U/ml, or saline, at 2-week intervals. If warts persisted, patients were changed after two injections to the alternate group and retreated with up to two further injections. Forty patients entered the study. Of 151 warts treated with intralesional bleomycin, 123 were cured after one or two injections (81%). The cure rate for plantar warts (60%) was lower than that for periungual warts (94%) and warts elsewhere on the extremities (95%). Fifty-five warts were injected with normal saline; none was cured. Responding warts showed a hemorrhagic eschar and healed without scarring, atrophy, or pigmentary change. Pain was usually mild and patient acceptance superior to that with liquid nitrogen. There was no evidence of systemic toxicity. Bleomycin is highly efficacious in the treatment of recalcitrant warts, is convenient, and has high patient acceptance. Long-term safety requires further study.