Surgical treatment of acute ascending aortic dissection

Abstract

Since adopting a policy of immediate operation on patients with acute dissection of the ascending aorta, 42 men and 6 women (ages 18-67 years) have been managed surgically. Thirty-two patients had graft replacement of the ascending aorta and resuspension of the incompetent aortic valve. One of these had a coronary graft. There were five deaths in this group. Eight patients required aortic valve replacement because of a diseased aortic valve as well as grafting of the ascending aorta, with one death. Three patients had resuspension of the aortic valve and primary repair of their dissection without mortality. Two patients were managed successfully with an intraluminal prosthesis and resuspension of the aortic valve. Another patient had successful repair with a valved conduit and reimplantation of the coronaries. Two patients dissected 4 and 6 years after aortic valve replacement and neither survived operative repair. Of the surviving patients, one required dialysis, one a femoral-femoral bypass graft, and one an axillo-femoral bypass graft. One patient required a pacemaker for heart block, and two underwent successful repair of suture line aneurysms, both occurring three years after operation. On the basis of this experience, prompt surgical intervention for acute ascending aortic dissection is the treatment of choice. A variety of techniques are available to repair the dissected aorta. Long-term results for resuspension of the aortic valve in acute ascending aortic dissection have been excellent and emphasize that valve replacement should be reserved for those patients found at operation to have a primary abnormality of the aortic valve.