Toluene-diisocyanate induced asthma: evaluation of antibodies in the serum of affected workers against a tolyl mono-isocyanate protein conjugate

Abstract

Radioallergosorbent testing was used to look for the presence of specific IgE antibody against a para-tolyl-mono-isocyanate human serum albumin conjugate in sera from five groups of subjects. The first three groups consisted of individuals exposed to toluene diisocyanate (TDI) who had been shown by bronchial provocation testing with levels of TDI below the threshold limit value of 0.02 parts/10(6), to have immediate asthmatic reactions, late asthmatic reactions or no respiratory changes at all. The two control groups consisted of atopic and non-atopic individuals who had no respiratory symptoms and no known exposure to TDI. Although RAST showed high ct/min in some of the sera from patients with proven TDI-induced respiratory disease, these levels were not significantly different from controls and appeared to reflect the presence in these sera of high levels of total IgE (greater than 100 mu ml--1). There is no evidence from this study for the presence of specific IgE antibody against a para-tolyl mono isocyanate human serum albumin conjugate in patients with TDI-induced respiratory disease. This finding may reflect absence of antibodies, or that the techniques for their detection are not always effective even when performed by experienced persons, and there is a potential source of error in the interpretation of results when sera contain large amounts of IgE.