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. 1983 Nov;26(11):743-50.
doi: 10.1007/BF02554989.

France, the fundament, and the rise of surgery

C W Bodemer

France, the fundament, and the rise of surgery

C W Bodemer. Dis Colon Rectum. 1983 Nov.

Abstract

This article describes events in 17th and 18th century France that resulted in the elevation of surgery from a lowly status to one of parity with medicine. Changes in the education and organization of surgeons are described, and the nature and significance of the successful operation for fistula-in-ano on Louis XIV is considered in some detail.

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