Factors affecting potassium balance during frusemide administration

Abstract

We investigated the effects of Na+ intake, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) on K+ balance during 3 days of frusemide administration to six normal subjects. Subjects received 40 mg of frusemide for 3 days during three different protocols: Na+ intake 270 mmol/day (high salt); Na+ intake 20 mmol/day to stimulate the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (low salt); Na+ intake 270 mmol/day plus captopril (25 mg/6 h) to prevent activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. In a fourth protocol, a water load was given during high salt intake to prevent ADH release and then frusemide was given. During high salt intake, frusemide increased K+ excretion (UKV) over 3 h, but the loss was counterbalanced by subsequent renal K+ retention so that daily K+ balance was neutral. During low salt intake, the magnitude of the acute kaliuresis following the first dose of frusemide and the slope of the linear relationship between UKV and the log of frusemide excretion were increased compared with that found during the high salt intake. In addition, low salt intake abolished the compensatory renal retention of K+ after frusemide and cumulative K+ balance over 3 days of diuretic administration was uniformly negative (-86 +/- 7 mmol/3 days; P less than 0.001). Captopril abolished the rise in plasma aldosterone concentration induced by frusemide. The acute kaliuresis after frusemide was unchanged compared with that observed during high salt intake. The compensatory reduction in UKV occurring after the diuretic was slightly potentiated. In fact, captopril given without the diuretic induced a small positive K+ balance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)