Bronchiolitis: a clinical review

Abstract

Bronchiolitis is an acute viral infection primarily caused by respiratory syncytial virus, affecting children under 2 years of age with a peak prior to six months. The clinical picture results from an inflammatory process of the small bronchi and bronchioles. Infants present with tachypnea and wheezing often accompanied by respiratory distress and hyperinflation. Supportive care is essential, children respond slowly to hydration and careful observation. Respiratory distress requires hospitalization with treatment including oxygen and ventilator support as indicated.