The direct electrophysiologic effects of disopyramide phosphate in the transplanted human heart

Abstract

To evaluate the direct electrophysiologic effects of i.v. disopyramide phosphate and to differentiate these effects from its autonomically mediated actions, we administered the drug (2 mg/kg over 5 minutes) during electrophysiologic study to eight cardiac transplant recipients who had documented functional cardiac denervation. After disopyramide, the cycle length of the denervated donor right atrium increased from 626 +/- 129 to 716 +/- 148 msec (mean +/- SD, p less than 0.001), whereas that of the innervated recipient atrium decreased from 846 +/- 195 to 659 +/- 99 msec (p less than 0.02). There were small increases in both the sinus node recovery time (1128 +/- 616 to 1198 +/- 592 msec, p less than 0.05) and corrected sinus node recovery time (440 +/- 418 to 489 +/- 409 msec, p less than 0.02) of the donor atrium, whereas the recovery times of the recipient atrium shortened (sinus node recovery time, 1298 +/- 218 to 1218 +/- 196 msec; corrected sinus node recovery time, 464 +/- 108 to 410 +/- 115 msec). Disopyramide markedly prolonged all conduction intervals. The PA interval increased from 47 +/- 16 to 54 +/- 17 msec (p less than 0.01), the AH interval from 55 +/- 12 to 78 +/- 12 msec (p less than 0.001), the HV interval from 38 +/- 9 to 58 +/- 13 msec (p less than 0.001), the QRS duration from 93 +/- 18 to 129 +/- 34 msec (p less than 0.001) and the QT interval from 339 +/- 23 to 403 +/- 39 msec (p less than 0.001). There was no significant change in the effective refractory period of the atrium, ventricular or atrioventricular node. The functional refractory period of the atrioventricular node increased from 369 +/- 34 to 395 +/- 31 msec (p less than 0.001). The electrophysiologic effects of disopyramide in the denervated heart are markedly depressant. In the innervated normal heart, the majority of these effects are counteracted by the drug's autonomically mediated anticholinergic actions.