Drug combinations in the treatment of gastric adenocarcinoma: a randomized Southwest Oncology Group study

Abstract

The FAM combination with the simultaneous administration of 5-fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and mitomycin C is considered standard chemotherapy for gastric adenocarcinoma. This study was initiated to determine whether a kinetically designed sequential administration of these three drugs would be superior and whether the presence or absence of easily measurable tumor would imply differences in survival. To do so, the Southwest Oncology Group tested two schedules in a randomized study of 239 patients. Independent judgments of response were made by two authors with the same results. Equivalent response rates (23% of all eligible sequential and 30% simultaneous) and median survival durations (22 and 23 weeks, respectively) were seen. Patients with and without readily measurable tumors each lived a median of 22 weeks. Higher degrees of hematologic toxicity were associated with prolonged survival (median 27 weeks versus 20 weeks, p = 0.04). Patients treated by community oncologists were described as having higher response rates than those treated in major medical centers (64% versus 31%, p = 0.03). The meaning of this is questionable in that there were no statistical differences in survival or toxicity. Those with prior exposure to 5-fluorouracil had only a tendency, without statistical significance, for a slightly inferior response and survival.