Torsade de Pointe. Malignant cardiac arrhythmia induced by amantadine poisoning

Abstract

A 37-year-old woman took 2.5 g of amantadine hydrochloride in a suicide attempt. Subsequently, cardiopulmonary arrest developed and was treated successfully. During the arrest and over the subsequent 48 hours, malignant tachyarrhythmias were manifested by torsade de pointe and repeated episodes of ventricular fibrillation. Therapy with adrenergic agents such as isoproterenol and particularly dopamine seemed to exacerbate the ventricular tachyarrhythmias. The patient subsequently died of aspiration pneumonia and respiratory distress, and postmortem examination revealed a normal cardiovascular system. It appears that the dopaminergic activity of amantadine has potential for induction of malignant arrhythmias, particularly in the face of adrenergic agents such as dopamine and isoproterenol. This previously unreported observation needs to be considered in critically ill patients with amantadine toxicity.