Clinical experience with naltrexone in suburban opioid addicts

Abstract

In a study of 160 patients (including 114 active heroin addicts and 42 former heroin addicts maintained on methadone, propoxyphene napsylate, or LAAM), subjects were retained on treatment with naltrexone for a mean of 50.7 days (range, 1-635). Clonidine or guanabenz acetate was used to detoxify subjects who received naltrexone within 10 days of their last dose of opioid. Because of the number of subjects dropping out of treatment after only a few days, it is recommended that there be an opioid-free period of 5 or more days for heroin-dependent subjects and 10 or more days for those on medical maintenance. A naloxone challenge should be administered at a dosage of 0.8 mg. Use of naltrexone combined with psychotherapy appears to promote long periods of opioid abstinence but does not prevent relapse after treatment. Trained clinicians utilizing an appropriate induction protocol can effectively treat volunteer opioid addicts with naltrexone.