Uptake, distribution, metabolism, and elimination of styrene in man. A comparison between single exposure and co-exposure with acetone

Abstract

Six male subjects were exposed for two hours during light physical exercise to 2.81 mmol/m3 (293 mg/m3) of styrene on one occasion and to a mixture of 2.89 mmol/m3 (301 mg/m3) of styrene and 21.3 mmol/m3 (1240 mg/m3) of acetone on another (combination study). About 68% of the dose (somewhat more than 4 mmol) of styrene was taken up. The arterial blood concentration of styrene reached a relatively stable level after about 75 minutes of exposure of about 18 and 20 mumol/l after the single and combined exposure, respectively. Calculated values of mean blood clearance were 1.9 l/min in the styrene study and 1.6 l/min in the combination study; the half life of styrene in blood was about 40 minutes in both studies. The concentration of non-conjugated styrene glycol increased linearly during exposure and reached about 3 mumol/l at the end of exposure and was eliminated with a half life of about 70 minutes. Styrene-7,8-oxide was detected and quantified in the blood in a complementary study. The half lives for the excretion of mandelic and phenylglyoxylic acid in the urine were about four and nine hours, respectively, in both studies.