Carotid and coronary arterial disease. A rational approach

Abstract

One hundred thirty-four patients referred for myocardial revascularization had oculoplethysmography/carotid phonoangiography (OPG/CPA) evaluations as a screening test for possible carotid arterial disease. On the basis of preoperative neurologic symptoms or hemodynamically positive OPG/CPA studies, 52 patients had carotid arteriography. Forty-six patients with coexistent carotid and coronary arterial occlusive disease were identified. Twenty-nine had a previous history of central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction, while ten patients (20%) were asymptomatic. Twenty-two patients had "staged" coronary artery bypass grafts (CABG) and carotid endarterectomy (CE) procedures, while 24 had simultaneous CABG/CE. Of the staged patients, one fatal myocardial infarction occurred after CE but prior to CABG; two patients experienced neurologic deficits after CABG yet prior to CE. Twenty-four patients had simultaneous CE/CABG, and no cardiac or neurologic complications occurred. All patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery should have preoperative noninvasive carotid screening studies performed. If OPG/CPA studies indicate a hemodynamically significant lesion, arteriography is indicated. When OPG/CPA studies are negative, yet a history consistent with previous CNS dysfunction is present, a digital intravenous arteriogram is performed. In the presence of coexistence severe coronary and extracranial carotid stenotic or ulcerative plaque disease, simultaneous CE/CABG is advocated.