Effects of ultraviolet irradiation on the cell cycle in normal and UV-sensitive cell lines with reference to the nature of the defect in xeroderma pigmentosum variant

Abstract

Analysis of the distribution of cells through the phases of the cell cycle by DNA flow cytofluorimetry has been utilized to investigate the effects of ultraviolet (UV) irradiation on cell-cycle progression in normal and UV-sensitive lymphoblastoid cell lines. In time-course studies only slight perturbation of DNA distribution was seen in normal cells, or UV-sensitive familial melanoma (FM) lines in the 48 h following irradiation. Xeroderma pigmentosum (XPA) excision-deficient cells showed a large increase in the proportion of cells in S phase 16-40 h post-irradiation. XP variant (XPV) cells were blocked in G1 and S phases with the complete absence of cells with G2 DNA content 16-28 h after irradiation. By 48 h post-irradiation the DNA distribution of XPA and XPV cells had returned to that of an unirradiated control. When colcemid was added to the cultures immediately after irradiation to prevent mitotic cells dividing and re-entering the cell cycle, progression through the first cycle after irradiation was followed. UV irradiation did not affect the rate of movement of cells out of G1 into S phase in normal, FM or XPA cells. The proportion of cells in S phase was increased in UV-irradiated cultures in these cell types and the number of cells entering the G2 + M compartment was reduced. In UV-irradiated cultures of XPV cells a large proportion of cells was blocked in G1. The rate of accumulation of cells with G2 DNA content was equal to that of the control until 4 h post-irradiation, thereafter falling below the control. Thus XPV cells in S phase at the time of irradiation complete DNA synthesis to reach G2 DNA content. However, cells irradiated in G1 are blocked from entry into S. These results suggest that there is a defect in XPV cells that affects a step prior to the onset of DNA replication.