Noninvasive evaluation of the ratio of pulmonary to systemic flow in atrial septal defect by duplex Doppler echocardiography

Abstract

The ratio of pulmonary to systemic flow (Qp/Qs) was noninvasively evaluated by duplex Doppler echocardiography in 22 patients with atrial septal defects (ASDs). Right and left ventricular stroke volumes (RSV, LSV) were determined from the recordings of ejection blood flow velocity and diameter at the level of the pulmonary and aortic orifices in each ventricular outflow tract. The ratio RSV/LSV, determined by the duplex Doppler echocardiography, was compared with Qp/Qs by oximetry. The RSV/LSV for 10 normal subjects was 0.99 +/- 0.05 (mean +/- SD), whereas the RSV/LSV for patients with ASD, 2.26 +/- 0.63, was significantly higher than that for normal subjects (p less than .01). In patients with ASD, a fairly good correlation was found between RSV/LSV and Qp/Qs (r = .92, p less than .01; y = 1.11x - 0.30), and this high correlation was found even in patients with complications such as pulmonary hypertension, mitral and tricuspid regurgitation, Eisenmenger complex, and ventricular septal defect. We also found that semilunar valve regurgitation modified the value of RSV/LSV in accordance with the degree of regurgitation. These findings indicate that, with a few limitations, the Doppler index RSV/LSV is clinically useful in the estimation of the magnitude of the shunt flow in patients with ASD and that the limitations could be overcome by additional Doppler examination.