Epidemiology of malignant melanoma of the skin in South Africa

Abstract

Malignant melanoma constitutes about 2% of all cancers occurring in South Africa. It is between 2,5 and 6 times more frequent in Whites than in Blacks, but the lowest incidence occurs in the Coloured population. The incidence of malignant melanoma in Whites (as reflected by mortality figures) varies with latitude, being higher nearer the Equator. The disease is more common among females and the older age groups in all sections of the population. Whites present with small lesions (generally less than 20 mm in diameter) which may be situated on any part of the body. In Blacks the tumours are large (sometimes more than 100 mm in diameter) when first seen and are predominantly situated on the sole of the foot and the palm of the hand. The 5-year survival rate is 20% in Blacks and 42% in Whites. The survival rates are more favourable in women.