Endoplasmic reticulum whorls as a source of membranes for early cytaster formation in parthenogenetically stimulated sea urchin eggs

Abstract

Sea urchin eggs exposed to a continuous hypertonic treatment rapidly form many concentric whorls of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) during the pre-activation period of the parthenogenetic development. These whorls, however, are only a temporary configurational alteration of ER which begin to break up just prior to egg activation. The conversion back to normal vesicles and lamellae occurs not only concurrently with the appearance of early cytastral areas, but also frequently in close association with the formation of these membranous areas. It is revealed here that membrane elements from disrupting whorls may become incorporated into adjacent, developing clear areas, early cytastral areas, and that this ER constitutes an initial major source of membranes for these early astral areas. Having previously suggested that the actual formation of ER whorls occurs in direct response to released intracellular calcium in hypertonic stressed eggs, the new findings, along with other related data and correlations, further suggest that whorl disruption and the formation of associated astral areas can be correlated with a corresponding decrease in the concentration of this released calcium in the cytoplasm.