"True" high-tension electrical injuries

Abstract

A series of 48 patients with high-voltage electrical injuries managed over a six-month period was reviewed. The line voltage at the time of injury was recorded for 40 of the patients, with an average of 14,200 volts. The mean duration from injury to admission was 11 hours. The study group of 48 patients was readily divided into two subgroups: a majority (31) sustained a "true" high-voltage, prolonged contact electrical injury, and a smaller subgroup (17) sustained flash and clothing burns. There was no difference between the two subgroups in the magnitude of voltage exposure. However, patients in the "true" high-voltage subgroup sustained a wide variety of injuries to almost every organ system. Transient EKG abnormalities were noted in 16 patients. The occurrence of myoglobinuria and/or hemoglobinuria was nearly universal and was treated by volume expansion alone without bicarbonate or mannitol. Resuscitation of the "true" group required an average of 7 cc/kg/% BSA of Ringer's lactate. No incidence of acute tubular necrosis was observed. Initial debridement was almost always performed on patients in the "true" subgroup on the day of admission. Flap coverage and/or amputation was required in 70% of these 31 patients. Wound management required an average of 2.4 debridements and 2.2 wound closure procedures. There was no evidence of delayed or progressive tissue necrosis. The principles of resuscitation and aggressive operative management are discussed.