Muscle mechanics and pathomechanics. Their clinical relevance

Abstract

This article reviews pertinent mechanical characteristics of the human musculotendinous unit. Contractile and elastic elements of muscle are discussed, primarily in relationship to their length-tension and force-velocity properties. Evidence from a variety of recent studies of muscle function and dysfunction is presented. Clinical implications for physical therapy practice are discussed, and examples of pathological conditions are cited. A primary conclusion reached is that the degree and duration of muscle elongation are important factors in immobilization and important considerations in therapeutic programs.