Intraventricular hemorrhage from ruptured aneurysm. Retrospective analysis of 91 cases

Abstract

Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) from aneurysm rupture is generally considered to be of grave prognostic significance. Ninety-one cases have been studied retrospectively from seven medical centers. The overall mortality rate was 64%. The dramatically poor condition of these patients leads to their rapid admission to the hospital. Eighty-seven percent were admitted on Day 0 or 1, and more than half were classified neurologically as Grade 4 or 5. A multiple regression analysis explained 56% of the variance in survival, using the variables of ventriculocranial ratio (VCR), day of admission, diastolic blood pressure, location of aneurysm, associated intracerebral hematoma, age, grade on admission, sex, and systolic blood pressure. No patient with a VCR of more than 0.25, as calculated from the initial computerized tomography (CT) scan, survived. No patient whose smallest VCR was 0.23 or more survived. This ratio can be simply measured with a millimeter ruler from the CT scan. Patients with IVH usually had enlarged ventricles, even initially. The overall results suggest that early management of intracranial hypertension should be more generally considered, although even when this was done the prognosis was still guarded. The timing of surgery was not an important determinant of outcome, although a significant number of patients died awaiting surgery.